From: Placental DNA hypomethylation in association with particulate air pollution in early life
Variables | β | SE | p-value |
---|---|---|---|
Maternal characteristics | |||
  Age, y | 0.0005 | 0.005 | 0.93 |
  Pre-gestational BMI, kg/m2 | 0.002 | 0.005 | 0.68 |
  Net weight gain, kg | 0.002 | 0.004 | 0.54 |
  Maternal education |  |  |  |
   Low | Ref | - |  |
   Middle | -0.071 | 0.081 | 0.38 |
   High | -0.076 | 0.077 | 0.33 |
  Smoking |  |  |  |
   Never-smoker | Ref | - |  |
   Past-smoker | -0.133 | 0.067 | 0.05 |
   Smoker | -0.102 | 0.068 | 0.13 |
  Acetaminophen |  |  |  |
   No | Ref | - |  |
   Yes | 0.129 | 0.049 | 0.009 |
  Alcohola |  |  |  |
   No | Ref | - |  |
   Yes | -0.036 | 0.065 | 0.58 |
  Parity |  |  |  |
   1 | Ref | - |  |
   2 | 0.054 | 0.053 | 0.31 |
   ≥ 3 | 0.074 | 0.085 | 0.38 |
Newborn characteristics | Â | Â | Â |
  Newborn’s gender |  |  |  |
   Male | Ref | - |  |
   Female | -0.108 | 0.049 | 0.03 |
  Ethnicityb |  |  |  |
   European | Ref | - |  |
   Non-European | -0.020 | 0.074 | 0.78 |
  Gestational age, w | 0.028 | 0.019 | 0.15 |
  Birth weight, g | 0.0001 | 0.00006 | 0.06 |
  Birth length, cm | 0.026 | 0.013 | 0.05 |
Time related characteristics | Â | Â | Â |
  Seasonc |  |  |  |
   Fall | Ref | - |  |
   Winter | 0.096 | 0.067 | 0.15 |
   Spring | 0.351 | 0.070 | < 0.0001 |
   Summer | 0.097 | 0.065 | 0.14 |
  Apparent temperature, °C |  |  |  |
   Trimester 1 | 0.019 | 0.004 | < 0.0001 |
   Trimester 2 | 0.006 | 0.004 | 0.15 |
   Trimester 3 | -0.021 | 0.004 | < 0.0001 |