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Table 2 Detailed gene expression analysis of responsive genes

From: Engineered silica nanoparticles act as adjuvants to enhance allergic airway disease in mice

Gene symbol

Gene alias

Gene function

Saline/0 μg NP

Saline/400 μg NP

OVA/0 μg NP

OVA/400 μg NP

Cxcl1

KC

Neutrophil chemokine

1.00+/-0.05

2.80+/-0.78a

2.48+/-0.28b

6.29+/-0.38a,b

Cxcl2

MIP-2

PMN chemokine

1.00+/-0.08

2.85+/-0.75a

4.22+/-0.76b

8.77+/-0.99a,b

Cxcl10

IP10

T-cell chemokine

1.00+/-0.05

1.17+/-0.05

14.32+/-3.95b

44.84+/-4.29a,b

Ccl2

MCP-1

Monocyte and T-cell chemokine

1.00+/-0.08

1.50+/-0.28

3.66+/-0.86b

13.84+/-1.71a,b

Ccl8

MCP-2

Monocyte chemokine

1.00+/-0.08

1.56+/-0.25

15.48+/-5.22b

105.12+/-32.47a,b

Ccl11

Eotaxin

Eosinophil chemokine

1.00+/-0.05

1.32+/-0.11

2.50+/-0.71

11.47+/-2.84a,b

Itln1

Itlna

Pathogen-associated molecular pattern recognition

1.00+/-0.25

4.95+/-1.78a

6.14+/-0.95b

38.65+/-13.92a,b

Irg1

Irg1

Toll like receptor response

1.00+/-0.14

4.70+/-1.15a

15.45+/-4.36b

154.18+/-16.97a,b

Chi3l3

YM1

Chitinase-like protein

1.00+/-0.07

1.01+/-0.12

1.30+/-0.26

1.94+/-0.28b

Chi3l4

YM2

Chitinase-like protein

1.00+/-0.35

4.61+/-2.98

9.13+/-3.96

33.10+/-12.56b

Saa3

Saa3

Acute phase protein

1.00+/-0.09

4.51+/-1.85

65.9+/-12.7b

157.88+/-19.38a,b

Tnfα

TNFα

Acute phase response cytokine

1.00+/-0.12

1.69+/-0.17a

2.20+/-0.23b

3.36+/-0.30b

Il6

IL6

Acute phase response cytokine

1.00+/-0.13

-1.14+/-0.13

2.00+/-0.40b

5.60+/-0.96a,b

Il1β

IL1β

Acute phase response cytokine

1.00+/-0.13

1.01+/-0.05

1.26+/-0.03

1.71+/-0.13b

Il1rn

IL1rn

IL1 receptor antagonist

1.00+/-0.04

1.13+/-0.07

1.70+/-0.23

4.62+/-0.71a,b

Il2

IL2

Th1 cytokine

1.00+/-0.06

1.06+/-0.07

1.57+/-0.24b

1.37+/-0.09

Ifnγ

IFNγ

Th1 cytokine

1.00+/-0.08

-1.06+/-0.14

1.67+/-0.28b

2.31+/-0.30b

Il4

IL4

Th2 cytokine

1.00+/-0.15

1.01+/-0.12

1.40+/-0.26

3.77+/-0.77a,b

Il5

IL5

Th2 cytokine

1.00+/-0.10

-1.20+/-0.18

2.39+/-0.59

7.17+/-1.44a,b

Il13

IL13

Th2 cytokine

1.00+/-0.10

1.34+/-0.39

6.80+/-2.96b

44.23+/-12.67a,b

Retnla

Fizz 1, HIMF

Th2 suppressor

1.00+/-0.12

1.32+/-0.37

6.88+/-1.78b

21.90+/-3.98a,b

Il17a

IL17A

Th17 cytokine

1.00+/-0.16

2.52+/-0.69

8.34+/-2.32b

46.24+/-6.02a,b

Foxp3

Foxp3

T-reg transcription factor

1.00+/-0.08

1.49+/-0.18

2.08+/-0.19b

3.98+/-0.33a,b

Il10

IL10

T-reg cytokine

1.00+/-0.09

1.09+/-0.17

2.97+/-0.76b

8.22+/-2.01a,b

Muc5ac

Muc5ac

Mucin production

1.00+/-0.19

1.61+/-0.61

4.72+/-1.44b

25.97+/-4.70a,b

Clca3

Gob5

Ion channel, mucus secretion

1.00+/-0.39

2.52+/-1.42

6.16+/-2.26

16.72+/-3.42b

Clca2

Clca2

Ion channel, fibrosis development

1.00+/-0.12

1.40+/-0.16

3.25+/-0.78b

7.96+/-1.20a,b

Mmp12

Mmp12

Macrophage elastase

1.00+/-0.08

3.06+/-0.81

1.83+/-0.22

7.91+/-0.59

Timp1

Timp1

Mmp inhibitor

1.00+/-0.05

-1.00+/-0.10

3.73+/-0.87b

12.40+/-1.68a,b

  1. A qPCR analysis was performed on the genes that showed a ≥2 fold increase towards untreated controls in the gene array. a: Significant changes (p < 0.05) towards non-SNP exposed animals, b: significant changes towards non-OVA mice. The analysis reveals that neutrophil chemokines (Kc, Cxcl1; Mip-2, Cxcl2) and innate immune responsive genes (Tnfα; Irg1; Itln1) are significantly elevated by SNP exposure in both, SAL- and OVA-mice. A significant adjuvant SNP effect in SNP/OVA-mice was measured for Th2 cytokines (Il4; Il5; Il3) and Th17 associated genes (Il17a; Il6; Saa3). Monocyte and eosinophil chemokines (Mcp-1; Mcp-2; Eotaxin; Ip10) were further significantly increased in SNP/OVA-mice as well as other proteins which might be involved in tissue remodeling (Fizz1; Timp1). No adjuvant SNP effect was measured in Th1 cytokines (Ifnγ; Il2).