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Figure 9 | Particle and Fibre Toxicology

Figure 9

From: Internalization and cytotoxicity of graphene oxide and carboxyl graphene nanoplatelets in the human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line Hep G2

Figure 9

Interaction CXYG nanoplatelets with the plasma membrane. (A) SEM micrograph showing the interaction of CXYG nanoplatelets (exemplarily indicated by black arrows) with the plasma membrane (pm) and microvilli (mv). (B) Vesicle formation (white arrow) at the site of interaction of CXYG nanoplatelets (black arrow) with the plasma membrane. (C) and (D) CXYG nanoplatelets (black arrows) interacting with the plasma membrane and penetrating the latter (C) leading to plasma membrane disruption (the site of disruption is indicated with a white asterisk). Thick intermediate filament bundles (if) are present at the site of injury. Scale bars represent 500 nm in (A) and (D), and 200 nm in (B) and (C). Other cellular structures indicated in Figure nine: lp: lipids, ly: lysosomes.

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