Figure 3
IONPs located in lysosomes and increased the number of lysosomes in LPS-stimulated microglia. Primary microglial cells (4 × 105 cells/mL) were either left untreated (naïve; NA), or pretreated with IONPs (1–50 μg Fe/mL) for 30 min followed by stimulation with LPS (100 ng/mL) for 24 h. (A) The lysosomes of cells were visualized by confocal microscopy with LysoTracker (red) staining. Cells treated with IONPs show an extensive distribution of the internalized dark brown dots of IONPs. Arrows indicate the colocalization of some dark brown spots and lysosomes. (B) The expression of ED-1 was measured by flow cytometry. Data are expressed as the mean ± SE of triplicate cultures. Results are a representative of three independent experiments. * p < 0.05 compared to the LPS group. MFI, mean fluorescence intensity.