Figure 4

Phosphorylation of key proteins from four major cell-signalling pathways in hONS cells treated with ZnO nanoparticles. hONS cells from donor A were placed in four replicate wells for each ZnO treatment time-point (2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 h). Levels of phosphorylation of proteins involved in the selected cell-signalling pathways in cell lysates were averaged and expressed as the percentage of time-matched untreated cells set as 100%. The four cell-signalling pathways are I DNA Damage; II NFκB; III MAPK; IV AKT. Data used to generate this figure, and associated standard errors of means and statistical significance, are supplied separately in Additional file 2: Table S1.