Skip to main content
Figure 8 | Particle and Fibre Toxicology

Figure 8

From: A review and perspective of existing research on the release of nanomaterials from solid nanocomposites

Figure 8

Summary of release from experimentally examined nanocomposites. Half of the nanorelease studies published to date are rigorous experiments that include, negative controls (samples of matrix without added nanomaterial) and repeated testing. While the observation studies are informative, these experiments provide the best current evidence about release from nanocomposites. As with the nanorelease studies in general, most of the experiments have examined machining and weathering scenarios. In addition, authors have tended to focus on nanocomposites of either thermoset or thermoplastic matrices, with the addition of either silica-NP or some carbonaceous structure. In all of these studies, authors report detecting some type of released debris. In 69% of these studies, the authors a mixture of release debris types; 88% identified matrix debris, 73% identified nanomaterial embedded within matrix particles and 31% identified dissociated nanomaterial. Across study summaries are present in charts: (A) the added nanomaterial, (B) the matrix, (C) the release scenario examined, (D) the released debris identified. (#) Authors used GFAAS, which incinerates the matrix in the process of identifying chemical composition. Thus we are unable to determine if the nanomaterial was bound to, or dissociated from the matrix; (*) Authors report release only after a combination of weathering and machining; (-) authors report insignificant but detectable levels of dissociated nanomaterial; (?) data supporting this result are indirect or not presented, but described by the authors; (C) refers to any one of multiple forms of Carbonaceous nanomaterials, including: single and multi-walled carbon nanotubes, graphene oxide, carbon black and uncharacterized carbon nanotubes; (CSH) are calcium silicate hydrates; (%) a complex copper II with chlorinated phthalocyanine; (@) alumina based Cobalt Blue.

Back to article page