An integrated approach for the in vitro dosimetry of engineered nanomaterials

Table 1 Delivered dose metrics

Material primary	Primary particle size (nm)	ρ_ENM(g/cm³)	ρ_EV(g/cm³)	d_H(nm)	96 well plate		384 well plate
					α (h⁻¹)	t₉₀(h)	α (h⁻¹)	t₉₀(h)
Al₂O₃	14.7	3.97	1.81	57	0.0213	108	0.0317	72.7
CeO₂	18.3	7.22	1.43	416	0.116	19.8	0.166	13.9
CoO	71.8	6.44	2.56	199	0.969	23.7	0.142	16.1
Cr₂O₃	193	5.22	2.21	358	0.246	9.37	0.343	6.71
Fe₂O₃	12.3	5.25	1.91	310	0.140	16.5	0.197	11.7
Fe₃O₄	12	5.17	1.46	274	0.0470	49.0	0.0751	30.7
Gd₂O₃	43.8	7.41	1.57	296	0.0730	31.5	0.112	20.6
Mn₂O₃	28.4	5.00	1.81	304	0.118	19.4	0.169	13.6
SiO2	13.5	2.65	1.30	40	0.0259	88.9	0.0406	56.7
TiO₂	12.6	3.90	1.36	276	0.0366	62.9	0.0582	39.6
ZrO₂	40.1	5.68	2.53	226	0.124	18.5	0.177	13.0
Printex (carbon black)	4.16	1.25	1.04	247	0.0126	183	0.0169	136
Carbon Nanohorns	20.3	1.25	1.02	261	0.0101	227	0.0139	166
VENGES SiO₂	18.6	2.65	1.11	136	0.0138	166	0.0195	118
VENGES Fe₂O₃	27.6	5.245	1.52	380	0.117	19.6	0.167	13.8
VENGES CeO₂-A	5.4	7.21	1.47	179	0.0288	80.0	0.0444	51.8
VENGES CeO₂-B	27.9	7.21	1.62	181	0.0339	67.9	0.0525	43.8
VENGES CeO₂-C	71.3	7.21	2.37	215	0.0991	23.2	0.145	15.9
EVONIK SiO₂	14	2.65	1.15	227	0.0203	113	0.0297	77.6
Au Nanospheres	20*	19.3	17.7	42.2	0.0747	30.8	0.117	19.7

ρ_ENM: material density (g/cm³); ρ_EV: agglomerate effective density (g/cm³); d_H: hydrodynamic diameter (nm); α: deposition fraction constant, (h⁻¹); and t₉₀: time for delivery of 90% of administered dose (h), for each ENM-media-concentration-well plate combination. Appropriate α can be used to accurately estimate the fraction of administered dose delivered to cells for any given exposure duration (see Equation 10).

ISSN: 1743-8977