Tissue distribution and elimination after oral and intravenous administration of different titanium dioxide nanoparticles in rats

Table 4 Basic pharmacokinetic parameters of titanium dioxide in different organs after 5 daily administrations of TiO ₂ by the IV route

NM	Organ	β	T_1/2el	C_t	AUClast
		(/d)	(d)	(μg/g)*	(μg d/g)**
NM-100	liver	0.0028	248	522.3 ± 23.34 (t = 6)	32790 ± 2306
NM-102	liver	0.0073	95	485.3 ± 62.13 (t = 6)	34682 ± 1195
NM-103	liver	0.0129	54	727.3 ± 64.72 (t = 14)	45919 ± 3684
NM-104	liver	0.0250	28	694.0 ± 10.82 (t = 14)	43491 ± 855
NM-100	kidney	0.0058	120	1.29 ± 0.09 (t = 6)	41 ± 4
NM-102	kidney	0.0047	146	1.45 ± 0.06 (t = 6)	69 ± 2
NM-103	kidney	0.0140	49	3.69 ± 0.19 (t = 6)	190 ± 19
NM-104	kidney	0.0013	531	2.46 ± 0.59 (t = 6)	178 ± 13
NM-100	lung	0.0153	45	54.67 ± 10.27 (t = 90)	4360 ± 381
NM-102	lung	0.0091	76	120.00 ± 19.22 (t = 14)	8733 ± 647
NM-103	lung	0.0072	96	130.67 ± 4.41 (t = 6)	7817 ± 672
NM-104	lung	nc	nc	55.02 ± 5.20 (t = 90)	3791 ± 187
NM-100	spleen	0.0011	650	536.01 ± 37.53 (t = 90)	41175 ± 1437
NM-102	spleen	nc	nc	827.33 ± 33.88 (t = 90)	45909 ± 1241
NM-103	spleen	nc	nc	1833.67 ± 578.34 (t = 90)	102710 ± 18670
NM-104	spleen	nc	nc	2221.667 ± 309.47 (t = 90)	130624 ± 9527
NM-100	heart	0.0048	146	0.81 ± 0.09 (t = 6)	39 ± 1
NM-102	heart	0.0050	140	0.81 ± 0.13 (t = 14)	48 ± 3
NM-103	heart	0.0029	237	1.35 ± 0.06 (t = 6)	85 ± 14
NM-104	heart	nc	nc	1.50 ± 0.26 (t = 90)	78 ± 10

β = apparent elimination rate, T_1/2el: apparent elimination half-life, Ct: highest concentration at time point t (day), AUClast: area under curve between the between 1^st measured concentration and the last measured concentration, nc: not calculated.
*P < 0.05 NM-100/NM-102 vs NM-103/NM-104 (for all tissues).
**P < 0.05 NM-100 vs NM-103/NM-104 (for all tissues).

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