Endothelium
|
Endothelial cells (e.g. HUV-EC-C)
|
Cytotoxicity
|
Cell viability – MTT, neutral red, trypan blue Apoptosis
| |
| |
Homeostasis
|
Oxidative stress, gene expression profile
|
Additional markers?
|
| |
Translocation
|
Permeability assays
| |
Blood
|
Red blood cells, platelets, bone marrow (megakaryocytes)
|
Inflammation/Immune response
|
Platelet activation
| |
| | |
Cytokine/chemokine release from leukocytes
| |
| | |
Oxidative stress
| |
| | |
Complement activation
| |
| |
RBC/particle interactions
| |
Markers?
|
Liver
|
Hepatocytes
|
Toxicity
|
Cell viability – MTT, neutral red, trypan blue Apoptosis
| |
|
Kupffer cells
|
Inflammation
|
Cytokine profile, oxidative stress, signal transduction pathway, gene expression
| |
| |
Coagulation
|
Von Willebrand factor, tissue factor
| |
|
Isolated perfused liver slices
|
Translocation, distribution
|
Histopathology
|
Translocation process
|
|
Liver slices
|
Toxicity studies
|
Cytotoxicity, P450 assay, ATP assays, GSH content
|
Additional markers? Genomics, Proteomics?
|
|
Collagen sandwich cultures
|
Toxicity studies
|
Cytotoxicity, P450 assay, ATP assays, GSH content
|
Additional markers? Genomics, Proteomics?
|
Spleen
|
Lymphocytes
|
Immune response
|
Cytokine profile
| |
Central and peripheral nervous system
|
Neuronal cells
|
Toxicity
|
Cytotoxicity – Trypan blue, LDH Apoptosis
| |
| |
Inflammation
|
Cytokine profile, oxidative stress, signal transduction pathway, gene expression
| |
| |
Translocation
|
Gene expression, microscopic examination
| |
|
Astroglial, Microglial cells
|
Inflammation
|
Cytokine profile, oxidative stress, signal transduction pathway, gene expression
| |
Heart
|
Cardiomyocytes
|
Toxicity
|
Cytotoxicity – Trypan blue, LDH Apoptosis
| |
| |
Inflammation
|
Cytokine profile, oxidative stress, signal transduction pathway, gene expression
| |
| |
Function
|
Beat – rhythm testing
| |
Kidney
|
Cell (e.g. HK-2, MDCK, LCC-PK1)
|
Toxicity
|
Cytotoxicity – Trypan blue, LDH Apoptosis
| |
| |
Inflammation
|
Cytokine profile, oxidative stress, signal transduction pathway, gene expression
| |
| |
Translocation
|
Permeability assays
|
Additional markers?
|
|
Kidney slices
|
Toxicity
|
Cytotoxicity – Trypan blue, LDH Apoptosis
| |
| |
Inflammation
|
Cytokine profile, oxidative stress, signal transduction pathway, gene expression
| |
| |
Translocation
|
Permeability assays
|
Additional markers?
|