The potential risks of nanomaterials: a review carried out for ECETOC

Table 4 Surfactants commonly used to stabilise Nanoparticles during their synthesis.

Substance	Dispersible in:
4-Dimethylaminopyridine	Water
Mercaptoundecaneacid	Water
Thiols (e.g. Dodecanethiol)	Unpolar solvents like Hexane, Toluene, Chloroform, Acetone
Tetraalkylhalogenides	Unpolar solvents like Hexane, Toluene, Chloroform, Acetone
Fluoralkanes	Unpolar solvents like Hexane, Toluene, Chloroform, Acetone
Trialkoxy-Silanes and derivates thereof	Water, Alcohol
Phosphorous containing substances like Ph₂PC₆H₄SO₃Na	pH dependent in water or unpolar solvents
Aminoalkanes and derivates thereof	Dependent on functionalisation unpolar solvents or Alcohol

These substances are likely to be on the surface throughout the lifetime of the particle

ISSN: 1743-8977