Table 5 Comparison of attributes of lung overload in rats vs. larger mammals such as dogs and primates (nonhuman and human) for particles with low solubility
From: The potential risks of nanomaterials: a review carried out for ECETOC
Classical attributes and sequelae of lung overload in rats | Rats | Dog, monkey and man |
|---|---|---|
Chronic pulmonary inflammation | yes | not certain |
Hyperplasia of macrophages and epithelial cells | yes | not certain |
Altered pulmonary clearance (overwhelmed) macrophage mediated clearance | yes | probably not |
Large alveolar burdens of particles | yes | probably not |
Increased interstitialization of deposited particles | yes | yes- greater % than rat |
Increased translocation of particles from lung to thoracic lymph nodes | probably | probably |
Interstitial lung disease (fibrosis) | yes | yes but less severe |
Production of lung tumours | yes | no |