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Table 1 Analysis of TiO2-nanoparticle distribution 1 h after exposure.

From: Re-evaluation of pulmonary titanium dioxide nanoparticle distribution using the "relative deposition index": Evidence for clearance through microvasculature

Compartment

NO

P

NE

RDI

Χ2

Fraction of total Χ2

Air

348

2251

378

0.920

2.42

0.071

Epi/Endo

29

151

25

1.143

0.52

0.015

CT

28

63

11

2.645

28.64

0.842

Caplum

44

207

35

1.265

2.44

0.072

Total

449

2672

449

 

34.02

 
  1. Note. From the observed number of particles (NO) and the number of points (P) on each compartment the expected number of particles (NE) was calculated (e.g. NE (air) = 449 × (2251/2672) = 378). The RDI is calculated from NO/NE (e.g. RDI (air) = 348/378 = 0.92). The chi-squared (Χ2) values are calculated from (NO - NE)2/NE (e.g. Χ2 (air) = (348–378)2/378 = 2.42). With three degrees of freedom (2-1 groups × 4-1 compartments) and a total chi-squared value of 34.02, the null-hypothesis of random distribution has to be rejected (p < 0.01). The connective tissue has an RDI of 2.645 and a partial chi-squared value that contributes about 84% of the total chi-squared. It is the only compartment that meets both criteria for a preferential deposition. Abbreviations: Air: Air space; Epi/Endo: Epithelial/endothelial cells; CT: Connective tissue; Caplum: Capillary lumen. Χ2: Chi-squared test values. NO: Observed number of particles. NE: Expected number of particles. RDI: Relative deposition index.