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Figure 3 | Particle and Fibre Toxicology

Figure 3

From: Exposure to ultrafine carbon particles at levels below detectable pulmonary inflammation affects cardiovascular performance in spontaneously hypertensive rats

Figure 3

Relative Changes in time domain and frequency domain measures of heart rate variability (HRV) of SHRs associated with filtered air (control)/ultrafine carbon particles (UfCPs; exposed) exposure. Bars represent arithmetic mean values ± SE of control (white bars; n = 7) and exposure groups (gray bars; n = 7): (12 5-minutes segments/12h dark period/rat) × 7 rats. Dotted horizontal lines are used to highlight the relative changes. HRV, paralleled changes in HR was decreased by about 30% in UfCPs exposed SHRs during the recovery periods (second and third day). *: indicates significant differences of HRV (p < 0.05) between exposed (gray) and control (white) SHRs. SDNN: standard deviation of normal to normal (NN) intervals. RMSSD: square root of the mean of squared differences between adjacent NN intervals. LF/HF: ratio of the absolute powers in the low-frequency (LF: 0.20 Hz to 0.75 Hz) and high-frequency bands HF: 0.75 Hz to 2.5 Hz).

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