TY - JOUR AU - Feynman, R. PY - 1991 DA - 1991// TI - There's plenty of room at the bottom JO - Science VL - 254 UR - https://doi.org/10.1126/science.254.5036.1300 DO - 10.1126/science.254.5036.1300 ID - Feynman1991 ER - TY - CHAP PY - 2005 DA - 2005// BT - What is Nanotechnology? ID - ref2 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Mazzola, L. PY - 2003 DA - 2003// TI - Commercializing nanotechnology JO - Nat Biotechnol VL - 21 UR - https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt1003-1137 DO - 10.1038/nbt1003-1137 ID - Mazzola2003 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Paull, R. AU - Wolfe, J. AU - Hebert, P. AU - Sinkula, M. PY - 2003 DA - 2003// TI - Investing in nanotechnology JO - Nat Biotechnol VL - 21 UR - https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt1003-1144 DO - 10.1038/nbt1003-1144 ID - Paull2003 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Oberdorster, G. AU - Oberdorster, E. AU - Oberdorster, J. PY - 2005 DA - 2005// TI - Nanotoxicology: an emerging discipline evolving from studies of ultrafine particles JO - Environ Health Perspect VL - 113 UR - https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.7339 DO - 10.1289/ehp.7339 ID - Oberdorster2005 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hart, G. A. AU - Hesterberg, T. W. PY - 1998 DA - 1998// TI - In vitro toxicity of respirable-size particles of diatomaceous earth and crystalline silica compared with asbestos and titanium dioxide JO - J Occup Environ Med VL - 40 UR - https://doi.org/10.1097/00043764-199801000-00008 DO - 10.1097/00043764-199801000-00008 ID - Hart1998 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hext, P. M. AU - Tomenson, J. A. AU - Thompson, P. PY - 2005 DA - 2005// TI - Titanium dioxide:inhalation toxicology and epidemiology JO - Ann Occup Hyg VL - 49 UR - https://doi.org/10.1093/annhyg/mei012 DO - 10.1093/annhyg/mei012 ID - Hext2005 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Linden Schmidt, R. C. AU - Driscoll, K. E. AU - Perkins, M. A. AU - Higgins, J. M. AU - Maurer, J. K. AU - Belfiore, K. A. PY - 1990 DA - 1990// TI - The comparison of a fibrogenic and two nonfibrogenic dusts by bronchoalveolar lavage JO - Toxicol Appl Pharmacol VL - 102 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/0041-008X(90)90026-Q DO - 10.1016/0041-008X(90)90026-Q ID - Linden Schmidt1990 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bermudez, E. AU - Mangum, J. B. AU - Wong, B. A. AU - Asgharian, B. AU - Hext, P. M. AU - Warheit, D. B. AU - Everitt, J. I. PY - 2004 DA - 2004// TI - Pulmonary responses of mice, rats, and hamsters to subchronic inhalation of ultrafine titanium dioxide particles JO - Toxicol Sci VL - 77 UR - https://doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfh019 DO - 10.1093/toxsci/kfh019 ID - Bermudez2004 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Rahman, Q. AU - Lohani, M. AU - Dopp, E. AU - Pemsel, H. AU - Jonas, L. AU - Weiss, D. G. AU - Schiffmann, D. PY - 2002 DA - 2002// TI - Evidence that ultrafine titanium dioxide induces micronuclei and apoptosis in Syrian hamster embryo fibroblasts JO - Environ Health Perspect VL - 110 UR - https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.02110797 DO - 10.1289/ehp.02110797 ID - Rahman2002 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Sayes, C. M. AU - Wahi, R. AU - Kurian, P. AU - Liu, Y. AU - West, J. L. AU - Ausman, K. D. AU - Warheit, D. B. AU - Colvin, V. L. PY - 2006 DA - 2006// TI - Correlating nanoscale titania structure with toxicity: a cytotoxicity and inflammatory response study with human dermal fibroblasts and human lung epithelial cells JO - Toxicol Sci VL - 92 UR - https://doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfj197 DO - 10.1093/toxsci/kfj197 ID - Sayes2006 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Warheit, D. B. AU - Webb, T. R. AU - Sayes, C. M. AU - Colvin, V. L. AU - Reed, K. L. PY - 2006 DA - 2006// TI - Pulmonary instillation studies with nanoscale TiO2 rods and dots in rats: toxicity is not dependent upon particle size and surface area JO - Toxicol Sci VL - 91 UR - https://doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfj140 DO - 10.1093/toxsci/kfj140 ID - Warheit2006 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Afaq, F. AU - Abidi, P. AU - Matin, R. AU - Rahman, Q. PY - 1998 DA - 1998// TI - Cytotoxicity, pro-oxidant effects and antioxidant depletion in rat lung alveolar macrophages exposed to ultrafine titanium dioxide JO - J Appl Toxicol VL - 18 UR - https://doi.org/3.0.CO;2-K DO - 3.0.CO;2-K ID - Afaq1998 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Gurr, J. R. AU - Wang, A. S. AU - Chen, C. H. AU - Jan, K. Y. PY - 2005 DA - 2005// TI - Ultrafine titanium dioxide particles in the absence of photoactivation can induce oxidative damage to human bronchial epithelial cells JO - Toxicology VL - 213 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tox.2005.05.007 DO - 10.1016/j.tox.2005.05.007 ID - Gurr2005 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kroto, H. W. AU - Heath, J. R. AU - O'Brien, S. C. AU - Curl, R. F. AU - Smalley, R. E. PY - 1985 DA - 1985// TI - C60: Buckminsterfullerene JO - Nature VL - 318 UR - https://doi.org/10.1038/318162a0 DO - 10.1038/318162a0 ID - Kroto1985 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hurt, R. H. AU - Monthioux, M. AU - Kane, A. PY - 2006 DA - 2006// TI - Toxicology of carbon nanomaterials: Status, trends, and perspectives on the special issue JO - Carbon VL - 44 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2005.12.023 DO - 10.1016/j.carbon.2005.12.023 ID - Hurt2006 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Sayes, C. M. AU - Fortner, J. D. AU - Guo, W. AU - Lyon, D. AU - Boyd, A. M. AU - Ausman, K. D. AU - Tao, Y. J. AU - Sitharaman, B. AU - Wilson, L. J. AU - Hughes, J. B. AU - West, J. L. AU - Colvin, V. L. PY - 2004 DA - 2004// TI - The differential cytotoxicity of water soluble fullerenes JO - Nano Lett VL - 4 UR - https://doi.org/10.1021/nl0489586 DO - 10.1021/nl0489586 ID - Sayes2004 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Oberdorster, E. PY - 2004 DA - 2004// TI - Manufactured nanomaterials (fullerenes, C60) induce oxidative stress in the brain of juvenile largemouth bass JO - Environ Health Perspect VL - 112 UR - https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.7021 DO - 10.1289/ehp.7021 ID - Oberdorster2004 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Isakovic, A. AU - Markovic, Z. AU - Todorovic-Markovic, B. AU - Nikolic, N. AU - Vranjes-Djuric, S. AU - Mirkovic, M. AU - Dramicanin, M. AU - Harhaji, L. AU - Raicevic, N. AU - Nikolic, Z. AU - Trajkovic, V. PY - 2006 DA - 2006// TI - Distinct cytotoxic mechanisms of pristine versus hydroxylated fullerene JO - Toxicol Sci VL - 91 UR - https://doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfj127 DO - 10.1093/toxsci/kfj127 ID - Isakovic2006 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Gharbi, N. AU - Pressac, M. AU - Hadchouel, M. AU - Szwarc, H. AU - Wilson, S. R. AU - Moussa, F. PY - 2005 DA - 2005// TI - [60]Fullerene is a powerful antioxidant in vivo with no acute or subacute toxicity JO - Nano Lett VL - 5 UR - https://doi.org/10.1021/nl051866b DO - 10.1021/nl051866b ID - Gharbi2005 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Mori, T. AU - Takada, H. AU - Ito, S. AU - Matsubayashi, K. AU - Miwa, N. AU - Sawaguchi, T. PY - 2006 DA - 2006// TI - Preclinical studies on safety of fullerene upon acute oral administration and evaluation for no mutagenesis JO - Toxicology VL - 225 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tox.2006.05.001 DO - 10.1016/j.tox.2006.05.001 ID - Mori2006 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Nohmi, T. AU - Katoh, M. AU - Suzuki, H. AU - Matsui, M. AU - Yamada, M. AU - Watanabe, M. AU - Suzuki, M. AU - Horiya, N. AU - Ueda, O. AU - Shibuya, T. AU - Ikeda, H. AU - Sofuni, T. PY - 1996 DA - 1996// TI - A new transgenic mouse mutagenesis test system using Spi- and 6-thioguanine selections JO - Environ Mol Mutagen VL - 28 UR - https://doi.org/3.0.CO;2-C DO - 3.0.CO;2-C ID - Nohmi1996 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Masumura, K. AU - Totsuka, Y. AU - Wakabayashi, K. AU - Nohmi, T. PY - 2003 DA - 2003// TI - Potent genotoxicity of aminophenylnorharman, formed from nonmutagenic norharman and aniline, in the liver of gpt delta transgenic mouse JO - Carcinogenesis VL - 24 UR - https://doi.org/10.1093/carcin/bgg170 DO - 10.1093/carcin/bgg170 ID - Masumura2003 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Nohmi, T. AU - Masumura, K. I. PY - 2004 DA - 2004// TI - Gpt delta transgenic mouse: a novel approach for molecular dissection of deletion mutations in vivo JO - Adv Biophys VL - 38 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-227X(04)80106-0 DO - 10.1016/S0065-227X(04)80106-0 ID - Nohmi2004 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Klaunig, J. E. AU - Kamendulis, L. M. PY - 2004 DA - 2004// TI - The role of oxidative stress in carcinogenesis JO - Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol VL - 44 UR - https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.44.101802.121851 DO - 10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.44.101802.121851 ID - Klaunig2004 ER - TY - JOUR AU - O'Brien, M. L. AU - Spear, B. T. AU - Glauert, H. P. PY - 2005 DA - 2005// TI - Role of oxidative stress in peroxisome proliferator-mediated carcinogenesis JO - Crit Rev Toxicol VL - 35 UR - https://doi.org/10.1080/10408440590905957 DO - 10.1080/10408440590905957 ID - O'Brien2005 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Hogan, B. AU - Beddington, R. AU - Constantini, F. AU - Lacy, E. PY - 1994 DA - 1994// BT - Manipulating the Mouse Embryo PB - Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press. CY - Cold Spring Harbor, NY ID - Hogan1994 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Scudiero, D. A. AU - Shoemaker, R. H. AU - Paull, K. D. AU - Monks, A. AU - Tierney, S. AU - Nofziger, T. H. AU - Currens, M. J. AU - Seniff, D. AU - Boyd, M. R. PY - 1988 DA - 1988// TI - Evaluation of soluble tetrazolium/formazan assay for cell growth and drug sensitivity in culture using human and other tumor cell lines JO - Cancer Res VL - 48 ID - Scudiero1988 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Shibata, A. AU - Kamada, N. AU - Masumura, K. AU - Nohmi, T. AU - Kobayashi, S. AU - Teraoka, H. AU - Nakagama, H. AU - Sugimura, T. AU - Suzuki, H. AU - Masutani, M. PY - 2005 DA - 2005// TI - Parp-1 deficiency causes an increase of deletion mutations and insertions/rearrangements in vivo after treatment with an alkylating agent JO - Oncogene VL - 24 UR - https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1208289 DO - 10.1038/sj.onc.1208289 ID - Shibata2005 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Xu, A. AU - Smilenov, L. B. AU - He, P. AU - Masumura, K. AU - Nohmi, T. AU - Yu, Z. AU - Hei, T. K. PY - 2007 DA - 2007// TI - New Insight into Intrachromosomal Deletions Induced by Chrysotile in the gpt delta Transgenic Mutation Assay JO - Environ Health Perspect VL - 115 UR - https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.9425 DO - 10.1289/ehp.9425 ID - Xu2007 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Stringer, B. AU - Imrich, A. AU - Kobzik, L. PY - 1995 DA - 1995// TI - Flow cytometric assay of lung macrophage uptake of environmental particulates JO - Cytometry VL - 20 UR - https://doi.org/10.1002/cyto.990200106 DO - 10.1002/cyto.990200106 ID - Stringer1995 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kooy, N. W. AU - Royall, J. A. AU - Ischiropoulos, H. AU - Beckman, J. S. PY - 1994 DA - 1994// TI - Peroxynitrite-mediated oxidation of dihydrorhodamine 123 JO - Free Radic Biol Med VL - 16 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/0891-5849(94)90138-4 DO - 10.1016/0891-5849(94)90138-4 ID - Kooy1994 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Xia, T. AU - Kovochich, M. AU - Brant, J. AU - Hotze, M. a. t. t. AU - Sempf, J. AU - Oberley, T. AU - Sioutas, C. AU - Yeh, J. I. AU - Wiesner, M. R. AU - Nel, A. E. PY - 2006 DA - 2006// TI - Comparison of the Abilities of Ambient and Manufactured Nanoparticles To Induce Cellular Toxicity According to an Oxidative Stress Paradigm JO - Nano Letters VL - 6 UR - https://doi.org/10.1021/nl061025k DO - 10.1021/nl061025k ID - Xia2006 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Stuart, A. D. AU - Brown, T. D. K. PY - 2006 DA - 2006// TI - Entry of feline calicivirus is dependent on clathrin-mediated endocytosis and acidification in endosomes JO - J Virol VL - 80 UR - https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.02452-05 DO - 10.1128/JVI.02452-05 ID - Stuart2006 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Park, S. H. AU - Aust, A. E. PY - 1998 DA - 1998// TI - Participation of iron and nitric oxide in the mutagenicity of asbestos in hgprt-, gpt+ Chinese Hamster V79 cells JO - Cancer Res VL - 58 ID - Park1998 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Vane, J. R. AU - Mitchell, J. A. AU - Appleton, I. AU - Tomlinson, A. AU - Bishop-Bailey, D. AU - Croxtall, J. AU - Willoughby, D. A. PY - 1994 DA - 1994// TI - Inducible isoforms of cyclooxygenase and nitric-oxide synthase in inflammation JO - Proc Natl Acad Sci USA VL - 91 UR - https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.91.6.2046 DO - 10.1073/pnas.91.6.2046 ID - Vane1994 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Colvin, V. L. PY - 2003 DA - 2003// TI - The potential environmental impact of engineered nanomaterials JO - Nat Biotechnol VL - 21 UR - https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt875 DO - 10.1038/nbt875 ID - Colvin2003 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Nel, A. AU - Xia, T. AU - Madler, L. AU - Li, N. PY - 2006 DA - 2006// TI - Toxic potential of materials at the nanolevel JO - Science VL - 311 UR - https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1114397 DO - 10.1126/science.1114397 ID - Nel2006 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Dixon, K. AU - Kopras, E. PY - 2004 DA - 2004// TI - Genetic alterations and DNA repair in human carcinogenesis JO - Semin Cancer Biol VL - 14 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.semcancer.2004.06.007 DO - 10.1016/j.semcancer.2004.06.007 ID - Dixon2004 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Donaldson, K. AU - Stone, V. AU - Clouter, A. AU - Renwick, L. AU - MacNee, W. PY - 2001 DA - 2001// TI - Ultrafine particles JO - Occup Environ Med VL - 8 UR - https://doi.org/10.1136/oem.58.3.211 DO - 10.1136/oem.58.3.211 ID - Donaldson2001 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Nemmar, A. AU - Hoylaerts, M. F. AU - Hoet, P. H. M. AU - Vermylen, J. AU - Nemery, B. PY - 2003 DA - 2003// TI - Size effect of intratracheally instilled particles on pulmonary inflammation and vascular thrombosis JO - Toxicol Appl Pharmacol VL - 186 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/S0041-008X(02)00024-8 DO - 10.1016/S0041-008X(02)00024-8 ID - Nemmar2003 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Pan, Y. AU - Neuss, S. AU - Leifert, A. AU - Fischler, M. AU - Wen, F. AU - Simon, U. AU - Schmid, G. AU - Brandau, W. AU - Jahnen-Dechent, W. PY - 2007 DA - 2007// TI - Size-Dependent Cytotoxicity of Gold Nanoparticles JO - Small VL - 3 UR - https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.200700378 DO - 10.1002/smll.200700378 ID - Pan2007 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Grassian, V. H. AU - O'Shaughnessy, P. T. AU - Adamcakova-Dodd, A. AU - Pettibone, J. M. AU - Thorne, P. S. PY - 2007 DA - 2007// TI - Inhalation exposure study of titanium dioxide nanoparticles with a primary size of 2 to 5 nm JO - Environ Health Perspect VL - 115 UR - https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.9469 DO - 10.1289/ehp.9469 ID - Grassian2007 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Conner, S. D. AU - Schmid, S. L. PY - 2003 DA - 2003// TI - Regulated portals of entry into the cell JO - Nature VL - 422 UR - https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01451 DO - 10.1038/nature01451 ID - Conner2003 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Geiser, M. AU - Rothen-Rutishauser, B. AU - Kapp, N. AU - Schürch, S. AU - Kreyling, W. AU - Schulz, H. AU - Semmler, M. AU - Im Hof, V. AU - Heyder, J. AU - Gehr, P. PY - 2005 DA - 2005// TI - Ultrafine particles cross cellular membranes by nonphagocytic mechanisms in lungs and in cultured cells JO - Environ Health Perspect VL - 113 UR - https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.8006 DO - 10.1289/ehp.8006 ID - Geiser2005 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Xing, X. AU - He, X. AU - Peng, J. AU - Wang, K. AU - Tan, W. PY - 2005 DA - 2005// TI - Uptake of silica-coated nanoparticles by HeLa cells JO - J Nanosci Nanotechnol VL - 5 UR - https://doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2005.199 DO - 10.1166/jnn.2005.199 ID - Xing2005 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kam, N. W. AU - Liu, Z. AU - Dai, H. PY - 2006 DA - 2006// TI - Carbon nanotubes as intracellular transporters for proteins and DNA: an investigation of the uptake mechanism and pathway JO - Angew Chem Int Ed Engl VL - 45 UR - https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.200503389 DO - 10.1002/anie.200503389 ID - Kam2006 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Shvedova, A. A. AU - Castranova, V. AU - Kisin, E. R. AU - Schwegler-Berry, D. AU - Murray, A. R. AU - Gandelsman, V. Z. AU - Maynard, A. AU - Baron, P. PY - 2003 DA - 2003// TI - Exposure to carbon nanotube material: assessment of nanotube cytotoxicity using human keratinocyte cells JO - J Toxicol Environ Health A VL - 66 UR - https://doi.org/10.1080/713853956 DO - 10.1080/713853956 ID - Shvedova2003 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Martin, L. D. AU - Krunkosky, T. M. AU - Dye, J. A. AU - Fischer, B. M. AU - Jiang, N. F. AU - Rochelle, L. G. AU - Akley, N. J. AU - Dreher, K. L. AU - Adler, K. B. PY - 1997 DA - 1997// TI - The role of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in the response of airway epithelium to particulates JO - Environ Health Perspect VL - 105 UR - https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.97105s51301 DO - 10.1289/ehp.97105s51301 ID - Martin1997 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Nathan, C. AU - Xie, Q. W. PY - 1994 DA - 1994// TI - Nitric oxide synthases: Roles, tolls, and controls JO - Cell VL - 78 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/0092-8674(94)90266-6 DO - 10.1016/0092-8674(94)90266-6 ID - Nathan1994 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Juedes, M. J. AU - Wogan, G. N. PY - 1996 DA - 1996// TI - Peroxynitrite-induced mutation spectra of pSP189 following replication in bacteria and in human cells JO - Mutat Res VL - 349 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/0027-5107(95)00152-2 DO - 10.1016/0027-5107(95)00152-2 ID - Juedes1996 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Arbogast, J. W. AU - Darmanyan, A. O. AU - Foote, C. S. AU - Rubin, Y. AU - Diederich, F. N. AU - Alvarez, M. M. AU - Anz, S. J. AU - Whetten, R. L. PY - 1991 DA - 1991// TI - Photophysical properties of C60 JO - J Phys Chem VL - 95 UR - https://doi.org/10.1021/j100154a006 DO - 10.1021/j100154a006 ID - Arbogast1991 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Henry, T. B. AU - Menn, F. AU - Fleming, J. T. AU - Wilgus, J. o. h. n. AU - Compton, R. N. AU - Sayler, G. S. PY - 2007 DA - 2007// TI - Attributing Effects of Aqueous C60 Nano-Aggregates to Tetrahydrofuran Decomposition Products in Larval Zebrafish by Assessment of Gene Expression JO - Environ Health Perspect VL - 115 UR - https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.9757 DO - 10.1289/ehp.9757 ID - Henry2007 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Chen, B. C. AU - Chen, Y. H. AU - Lin, W. W. PY - 1999 DA - 1999// TI - Involvement of p38 mitogenactivated protein kinase in lipopolysaccharide-induced iNOS and COX-2 expression in J774 macrophages JO - Immunology VL - 97 UR - https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2567.1999.00747.x DO - 10.1046/j.1365-2567.1999.00747.x ID - Chen1999 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Barnett, J. AU - Chow, J. AU - Ives, D. PY - 1994 DA - 1994// TI - Purification, characterization and selective inhibition of human prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 and 2 expressed in the baculovirus system JO - Biochim Biophys Acta VL - 1209 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-4838(94)90148-1 DO - 10.1016/0167-4838(94)90148-1 ID - Barnett1994 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Borm, P. J. A. AU - Robbins, D. AU - Haubold, S. AU - Kuhlbusch, T. AU - Fissan, H. AU - Donaldson, K. AU - Schins, R. AU - Stone, V. AU - Kreyling, W. AU - Lademann, J. AU - Krutmann, J. AU - Warheit, D. AU - Oberdorster, E. PY - 2006 DA - 2006// TI - The potential risks of nanomaterials: a review carried out for ECETOC JO - Particle Fibre Toxicol VL - 3 UR - https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-8977-3-11 DO - 10.1186/1743-8977-3-11 ID - Borm2006 ER -