TY - JOUR AU - Guo, Bing AU - Zebda, Rema AU - Drake, Stephen J. AU - Sayes, Christie M. PY - 2009 DA - 2009/02/09 TI - Synergistic effect of co-exposure to carbon black and Fe2O3 nanoparticles on oxidative stress in cultured lung epithelial cells JO - Particle and Fibre Toxicology SP - 4 VL - 6 IS - 1 AB - There is a need to better understand synergism in the biological effects of particles composed of multiple substances. The objective of this study was to determine if the oxidative stress in cultured cells caused by co-exposure to carbon black and Fe2O3 nanoparticles was significantly greater than the additive effects of exposure to either type of particles alone; and to determine a possible cause for such synergistic effect if one was found. Cultured A549 human lung epithelial cells were exposed to (1) carbon black nanoparticles alone, (2) Fe2O3 nanoparticles alone, and (3) both types of particles simultaneously. Protein oxidation, lipid peroxidation, and cellular uptake of Fe in these cells were measured after 25 hours of exposure. The reduction of solubilized Fe3+ by the carbon black nanoparticles was measured separately in a cell-free assay, by incubating the carbon black and the Fe2O3 nanoparticles in 0.75 M sulfuric acid at 40°C and measuring the amount of reduced Fe3+ at different time points up to 24 hours. SN - 1743-8977 UR - https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-8977-6-4 DO - 10.1186/1743-8977-6-4 ID - Guo2009 ER -