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Table 1 Effect of different agent(s)/condition(s) on BBB

From: Multifunctional Nanocarriers for diagnostics, drug delivery and targeted treatment across blood-brain barrier: perspectives on tracking and neuroimaging

Agent/condition

Effect on BBB

Reference

Bradykinin, RMP-7

Transient increase of permeability, activates B2 receptors

[116]

VEGF, HIF-1, Deferoxamine,

Increase of permeability and leakage

[117, 118]

TNF-alpha, IL-1beta

Moderate increase of permeability

[119]

Tat, Nef, gp120 + IFN-gamma

HIV-1-associated dysfunction

[28–30, 120, 121]

Low magnetic field (0.15 T)

Moderated increase of permeability

[122, 123]

Metalloproteinases

Increase of permeability

[124]

LTC4

Leukotriene-induced permeability

[125, 126]

Lipopolysaccharide

Enhance the passage of regulatory proteins

[127, 128]

P85

Increase permeability by inhibiting the drug efflux transporter Pgp

[129]

endothelin-1

Dramatic increase of permeability after intracisternal administration

[130]

tPA

Increase permeability via Akt phosphorylation

[131]

PTX

Increased permeability by altering endothelial plasticity and angiogenesis

[132]