|
Material
|
Administration
|
ENP size (nm)**
|
Translocation to blood
|
Translocation to CNS
|
Ref.*
|
|---|
| |
Inhalation
|
Nasal instillation
|
Injection
| | | | |
|
Carbon particles
|
X
| | |
4-20
|
X
| |
[51]
|
| |
X
| | |
100
|
X
| |
[46] (human)
|
| | |
X
| |
36
| |
X
|
[38]
|
|
Cu
|
X
| | |
23.5
|
X
| |
[49]
|
|
Ir
|
X
| | |
2-4
|
X
|
X
|
[50]
|
|
MnO2
|
X
| | |
30
|
X
|
X
|
[56, 59]
|
| |
X
| | |
23
|
X
|
X
|
[62]
|
|
Polystyrene
|
X
| | |
56.4
|
X
|
X
|
[48]
|
| |
X
| | |
202
|
X
|
X
|
[48]
|
|
TiO2
|
X
| | |
20
|
X
| |
[48]
|
| | |
X
| |
80, 155 (very high doses)
| |
X
|
[61] (mouse)[64] (mouse)
|
| | | |
X
|
25-70 (s.c.)
| |
X
|
[65]
|
| | | |
X
|
25-70 (i.v.)
| |
X
|
[66]
|
| | | |
X
|
5 (i.p.)
| |
X
|
[67]
|
|
Latex particles
| |
X
| |
20-200
| |
X
|
[57, 58] (guinea pigs)
|
|
Ag
| |
X
| |
70-110
| |
X
|
[60]
|
- * Studies were performed on rats unless otherwise indicated.
- **s.c. = subcutaneous injection; i.v. = intra venous; i.p. = intraperitoneal
