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Table 1 Translocation of various ENPs via respiratory pathways or via injection to blood and/or CNS

From: Risks from accidental exposures to engineered nanoparticles and neurological health effects: A critical review

Material

Administration

ENP size (nm)**

Translocation to blood

Translocation to CNS

Ref.*

 

Inhalation

Nasal instillation

Injection

    

Carbon particles

X

  

4-20

X

 

[51]

 

X

  

100

X

 

[46] (human)

  

X

 

36

 

X

[38]

Cu

X

  

23.5

X

 

[49]

Ir

X

  

2-4

X

X

[50]

MnO2

X

  

30

X

X

[56, 59]

 

X

  

23

X

X

[62]

Polystyrene

X

  

56.4

X

X

[48]

 

X

  

202

X

X

[48]

TiO2

X

  

20

X

 

[48]

  

X

 

80, 155 (very high doses)

 

X

[61] (mouse)[64] (mouse)

   

X

25-70 (s.c.)

 

X

[65]

   

X

25-70 (i.v.)

 

X

[66]

   

X

5 (i.p.)

 

X

[67]

Latex particles

 

X

 

20-200

 

X

[57, 58] (guinea pigs)

Ag

 

X

 

70-110

 

X

[60]

  1. * Studies were performed on rats unless otherwise indicated.
  2. **s.c. = subcutaneous injection; i.v. = intra venous; i.p. = intraperitoneal
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Particle and Fibre Toxicology

ISSN: 1743-8977

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