Table 3 Association of PM mass and metal components with methylation of four tumor suppressor genes measured in post-exposure samples (N = 63)
From: Ambient PM exposure and DNA methylation in tumor suppressor genes: a cross-sectional study
Exposures | APC | p16 | p53 | RASSF1A | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|  | β std | 95% CI | β std | 95% CI | β std | 95% CI | β std | 95% CI |
Unadjusted regression | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   PM10 | 0.27a | 0.14 to 0.40 | 0.02 | -0.17 to 0.20 | 0.00 | -0.12 to 0.11 | 0.01 | -0.16 to 0.18 |
   PM1 | 0.23b | 0.10 to 0.37 | 0.02 | -0.16 to 0.20 | -0.06 | -0.17 to 0.04 | -0.01 | -0.18 to 0.16 |
   Aluminium | 0.15c | 0.00 to 0.29 | 0.00 | -0.18 to 0.18 | 0.04 | -0.07 to 0.15 | 0.01 | -0.15 to 0.18 |
   Manganese | 0.11 | -0.03 to 0.26 | -0.03 | -0.22 to 0.15 | -0.02 | -0.15 to 0.11 | 0.11 | -0.05 to 0.28 |
   Nickel | 0.08 | -0.07 to 0.23 | 0.00 | -0.18 to 0.18 | 0.04 | -0.06 to 0.14 | -0.02 | -0.19 to 0.15 |
   Zinc | 0.06 | -0.08 to 0.21 | 0.18c | 0.00 to 0.35 | -0.06 | -0.15 to 0.03 | -0.18c | -0.35 to -0.01 |
   Arsenic | 0.01 | -0.15 to 0.17 | -0.02 | -0.20 to 0.16 | 0.05 | -0.05 to 0.15 | 0.01 | -0.17 to 0.18 |
   Lead | 0.12 | -0.03 to 0.26 | -0.01 | -0.19 to 0.17 | -0.04 | -0.17 to 0.09 | 0.08 | -0.09 to 0.25 |
   Iron | 0.05 | -0.10 to 0.20 | -0.02 | -0.20 to 0.16 | -0.03 | -0.12 to 0.07 | -0.06 | -0.24 to 0.12 |
Multivariable regression* | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   PM10 | 0.27a | 0.13 to 0.40 | 0.01 | -0.17 to 0.20 | 0.00 | -0.12 to 0.12 | 0.03 | -0.13 to 0.19 |
   PM1 | 0.23b | 0.09 to 0.38 | 0.02 | -0.17 to 0.21 | -0.06 | -0.16 to 0.05 | 0.04 | -0.14 to 0.21 |
   Aluminium | 0.14 | 0.00 to 0.29 | 0.00 | -0.19 to 0.18 | 0.05 | -0.06 to 0.17 | 0.05 | -0.11 to 0.21 |
   Manganese | 0.12 | -0.03 to 0.26 | -0.03 | -0.22 to 0.15 | -0.02 | -0.15 to 0.12 | 0.12 | -0.04 to 0.28 |
   Nickel | 0.08 | -0.08 to 0.23 | 0.00 | -0.18 to 0.19 | 0.04 | -0.06 to 0.13 | -0.03 | -0.19 to 0.13 |
   Zinc | 0.08 | -0.07 to 0.23 | 0.19c | 0.02 to 0.37 | -0.07 | -0.16 to 0.03 | -0.21c | -0.37 to -0.05 |
   Arsenic | 0.02 | -0.14 to 0.18 | -0.01 | -0.20 to 0.18 | 0.04 | -0.07 to 0.14 | -0.04 | -0.21 to 0.13 |
   Lead | 0.12 | -0.02 to 0.27 | -0.01 | -0.19 to 0.18 | -0.05 | -0.18 to 0.09 | 0.08 | -0.08 to 0.24 |
   Iron | 0.05 | -0.10 to 0.21 | -0.01 | -0.20 to 0.17 | -0.04 | -0.13 to 0.06 | -0.08 | -0.25 to 0.09 |