From: Contamination of nanoparticles by endotoxin: evaluation of different test methods
 | TiO 2 | Ag | CaCO 3 | SiO 2 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Average TEM or SEM size (nm) | 15 ± 4 | From 25 (spherical) to 80 – 90 nm (rods) | From nano- to micrometer size | 19 ± 4 |
Hydrodynamic diameter (nm) | 396 (P10: 164, P90: 1128) | 90 (P10: 52, P90: 121) | 67 (P10: 41, P90: 139) and 582 (P10: 267, P90: 1361 | 192 (P10: 105, P90: 332) |
Zeta potential (mV) | - 25 ± 1 | - 42 ± 0.8 | - 14 ± 0.5 | - 40 ± 1.1 |
Shape | Almost spherical | Some spherical, others rods | Mixed, flakes | Spherical |