Table 3 Percent changes with 95% confidence intervals in circulatory biomarkers associated with interquartile range increases in key PM _2.5 constituents

TNF-α

 OC

1-day

4.12 (0.83, 7.51)^*

0.66 (−3.52, 5.02)

1.80 (−2.73, 6.54)

 POC

1-day

3.88 (0.14, 7.77)^*

−1.13 (−6.00, 3.99)

1.72 (−4.06, 7.84)

 POM

1-day

3.93 (0.80, 7.16)^*

0.63 (−3.36, 4.79)

1.73 (−2.60, 6.25)

 SO₄ ^2-

1-day

6.15 (1.02, 10.58)^**

−0.32 (−7.78, 7.75)

−1.71 (−8.91, 6.07)

 NO₃ ^-

1-day

5.07 (1.83, 8.42)^**

0.27 (−6.56, 7.60)

0.25 (−6.38, 7.35)

 F^-

1-day

3.97 (0.27, 7.80)^*

0.67 (−3.56, 5.08)

0.97 (−3.30, 5.42)

 Al

1-day

2.21 (0.21, 4.25)^*

0.57 (−1.71, 2.90)

−1.21 (−3.17, 0.80)

 K

1-day

4.60 (1.83, 7.44)^**

2.63 (−0.79, 6.17)

2.15 (−1.34, 5.76)

 Sr

1-day

4.26 (0.85, 7.78)^*

−0.05 (−4.74, 4.89)

0.19 (−4.43, 5.04)

 Ba

1-day

4.88 (1.03, 8.87)^*

2.13 (−2.12, 6.56)

1.01 (−3.44, 5.67)

 Fe

1-day

3.27 (0.58, 6.04)^*

−0.81 (−4.84, 3.40)

−2.30 (−5.80, 1.33)

 Cu

1-day

4.01 (1.21, 6.88)^**

1.01 (−2.94, 5.11)

2.90 (−1.04, 6.99)

 Cd

1-day

4.18 (1.00, 7.46)^*

1.79 (−1.81, 5.53)

1.13 (−2.50, 4.90)

 Mn

1-day

2.73 (0.15, 5.37)^*

0.83 (−2.01, 3.74)

1.24 (−1.73, 4.31)

 As

1-day

3.10 (0.66, 5.60)^*

1.52 (−1.14, 4.25)

0.81 (−1.85, 3.54)

 Se

1-day

7.83 (3.41, 12.45)^**

4.84 (−3.03, 13.35)

0.12 (−6.78, 7.53)

 Sn

1-day

5.77 (2.50, 9.16)^**

3.49 (−1.14, 8.33)

5.20 (0.55, 10.06)^*

 Sb

1-day

5.41 (1.84, 9.10)^**

2.02 (−2.89, 7.18)

3.82 (−1.19, 9.09)

 Pb

1-day

6.53 (2.35, 10.88)^**

2.67 (−3.13, 8.82)

1.16 (−4.74, 7.42)

 Mo

2-day

2.50 (0.54, 4.50)^*

2.28 (0.32, 4.28) ^*

2.38 (0.41, 4.40)^*

 V

2-day

6.07 (2.05, 10.26)^**

5.42 (−0.14, 11.30)

3.16 (−2.34, 8.96)

 SOC

4-day

6.22 (2.07, 10.53)^**

5.53 (1.11, 10.15)^*

4.95 (0.60, 9.49)^*

 Cl^-

5-day

5.95 (1.90, 10.15)^**

9.32 (2.76, 16.29)^**

9.10 (2.89, 15.69)^**

 Zn

5-day

12.50 (5.88, 19.54)^**

22.00 (11.13, 33.94)^**

22.23 (11.13, 34.45)^**

Fibrinogen

 Mg

1-day

3.33 (0.79, 5.93)^*

3.60 (0.61, 6.69)^*

3.02 (0.29, 5.83)^*

 Ba

1-day

5.35 (0.24, 10.71)^*

5.19 (−0.64, 11.36)

5.70 (−0.42, 12.20)

 Fe

1-day

3.91 (0.31, 7.63)^*

5.91 (0.19, 11.97)^*

5.01 (0.10, 10.16)^*

 Ti

1-day

3.36 (0.69, 6.11)^*

3.79 (0.48, 7.21)^*

3.38 (0.31, 6.54)^*

 Co

1-day

4.22 (1.35, 7.17)^**

6.53 (2.31, 10.93)^**

5.88 (2.15, 9.75)^**

 Na

2-day

2.91 (0.05, 5.86)^*

3.47 (−0.69, 7.80)

3.15 (−0.51, 6.94)

 Ca

3-day

4.53 (0.39, 8.84)^*

4.81 (−0.39, 10.29)

5.25 (0.38, 10.36)^*

 Cd

4-day

6.08 (0.03, 12.50)^*

10.48 (0.61, 21.31)^*

10.86 (1.72, 20.82)^*

PAI-1

 Ti

1-day

1.65 (0.08, 3.25)^*

2.10 (0.21, 4.03)^*

2.32 (0.59, 4.07)^**

 Co

6-day

4.47 (0.41, 8.69)^*

5.19 (0.30, 10.33)^*

5.31 (0.45, 10.40)^*

 Mn

6-day

5.87 (1.41, 10.53)^**

6.28 (1.27, 11.54)^*

5.55 (0.23, 11.15)^*

t-PA

 Se

4-day

6.23 (0.64, 12.13)^*

17.29 (1.95, 34.94)^*

10.43 (1.19, 20.52)^*

 Cd

6-day

7.37 (1.01, 14.20)^*

10.79 (2.40, 19.87)^*

11.36 (2.78, 20.66)^**

vWF

 OC

1-day

−2.68 (−5.24, -0.06)^*

−1.00 (−4.13, 2.22)

−0.71 (−4.04, 2.75)

 POM

1-day

−2.56 (−5.00, -0.05)^*

−0.95 (−3.92, 2.12)

−0.68 (−3.86, 2.61)

 SO₄ ^2-

1-day

−3.83 (−6.76, -0.81)^*

−1.15 (−6.61, 4.62)

−0.74 (−6.02, 4.84)

 Zn

1-day

−4.09 (−6.76, -1.33)^**

−2.82 (−6.31, 0.80)

−2.09 (−5.67, 1.63)

 Pb

1-day

−3.05 (−6.01, 0.00)^*

−0.66 (−4.62, 3.47)

0.59 (−3.54, 4.91)

 NO₃ ^-

4-day

−5.54 (−8.91, -2.03)^**

−11.88 (−18.15, -5.13)^**

−11.23 (−17.34, -4.67)^**

 Cl^-

4-day

−3.86 (−6.45, -1.20)^**

−4.71 (−8.41, -0.86)^*

−5.33 (−8.76, -1.76)^**

 Al

5-day

1.71 (0.07, 3.38)^*

2.11 (0.42, 3.84)^*

2.49 (0.77, 4.24)^**

 Sb

5-day

−4.95 (−9.45, -0.23)^*

−6.06 (−12.71, 1.10)

−6.16 (−12.66, 0.82)

 Na

6-day

−3.18 (−5.83, -0.45)^*

−3.11 (−5.79, -0.36)^*

−3.05 (−5.94, -0.06)^*

sP-selectin

 Mn

2-day

−5.30 (−9.59, -0.82)^*

−6.28 (−10.81, -1.53)^*

−6.44 (−10.96, -1.70)^**