Figure 2From: Mechanism-based genotoxicity screening of metal oxide nanoparticles using the ToxTracker panel of reporter cell linesThe ToxTracker assay can identify genotoxic properties of NPs . (A) The ToxTracker reporter cell lines Bscl2-GFP for DNA replication stress, Srxn1-GFP for oxidative stress and Btg2-GFP for p53-associated cellular stress were used to provide mechanistic insight into the biological damage that is induced by various metal-based NPs. Induction of the GFP reporters was determined by flow cytometry after 24 h exposure. The data show the mean of four independent experiments ± standard deviation of the mean. (B) Cytotoxicity of the tested NPs was determined by measuring the fraction of intact cells after 24 h exposure using flow cytometry.Back to article page