Mechanism-based genotoxicity screening of metal oxide nanoparticles using the ToxTracker panel of reporter cell lines

Table 1 Physico-chemical characterization of the metal and metal oxide nanoparticles

Particle	Size^a(nm,TEM)	Size cell medium(approximate peak max,nm PCCS)	Zeta potential,mV	Dissolved amount of metals in cell medium,wt%		Acellular ROS^b
Particle	Size^a(nm,TEM)	Size cell medium(approximate peak max,nm PCCS)	Zeta potential,mV	0 h	24 h	Acellular ROS^b
CuO	20-40	3 and 500	+31	2.5	37.2	2.3
Fe₃O₄	20-40	2, 40 and 800	+2	<0.01	<0.01	1.5
ZnO	20-200	20, 500 and 800	+27	41.3	78.5	1.1
TiO₂	20-100	8 and 400	+6	0.1	0.1	1.3
NiO	2-70	20 and 500	+30	0.9	5.1	>10
CeO₂	4-30	8 and 80	+4	<0.01	<0.01	1.3
Ag 10	10	6, 40 and 200	N/A	3.0	21.6	0.97
Ag 40	40	10-40 and 200	−41.5	0.2	10.6	0.93

^aSize, estimated from TEM images, and zeta potential (in MilliQ water with 1 mM NaCl) were analyzed in previous studies (Karlsson et al., 2008 [17], Kain et al., 2012 [18]), Ag NPs were received from Nanocomposix and were carefully characterized in Gliga et al., 2014 [31].
^bAcellular ROS: Times increase compared to control in ROS kinetics (mean slope per min), 10 μg/mL particle dispersions.

ISSN: 1743-8977