Role of microbial and chemical composition in toxicological properties of indoor and outdoor air particulate matter

Happo, Mikko S; Sippula, Olli; Jalava, Pasi I; Rintala, Helena; Leskinen, Ari; Komppula, Mika; Kuuspalo, Kari; Mikkonen, Santtu; Lehtinen, Kari; Jokiniemi, Jorma; Hirvonen, Maija-Riitta

doi:10.1186/s12989-014-0060-6

Table 5 Association between inorganic soluble chemical constituents, polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and microbes in different seasons and the inflammatory and cytotoxic response markers in mouse macrophages after exposure to three different doses of particles (50, 150 and 300 μg/ml) for 24 h

From: Role of microbial and chemical composition in toxicological properties of indoor and outdoor air particulate matter

		Winter						Spring
		n	MTT	PI	SubG₁	TNFα	MIP2	n	MTT	PI	SubG₁	TNFα	MIP2
PC1	Al	12	0.273	0.07	0.154	0.126	0.245	12	.692*	0.503	−0.049	.951**	.937**
	Ca	12	0.49	0.385	0.231	0.147	0.287	12	.860**	.769**	0.315	.909**	.937**
	Fe	9	0.383	0.017	−0.183	0.633	0.533	12	.713**	0.517	−0.028	.888**	.860**
	K	12	.601*	.720**	.671*	0.035	0	12	.881**	.776**	0.252	.825**	.825**
	Mg	12	0.161	0.091	0.105	−0.175	−0.014	12	.818**	.720**	0.196	.916**	.930**
	Na	12	0.378	0.329	0.336	−0.035	0.084	12	.853**	.748**	0.189	.832**	.818**
	Ni	12	0.053	0.256	0.572	−0.509	−0.484	12	.911**	.795**	0.385	.725**	.736**
PC2	SO₄	12	0.28	0.538	.818**	−0.315	−0.392	12	0.014	0.105	0.224	−0.524	−0.538
	NO₃	12	0.035	−0.049	0.203	−0.14	−0.028	12	.650*	0.545	0.147	0.42	0.378
	V	12	.587*	.699*	.727**	0.098	0.063	12	.755**	.678*	0.196	.587*	0.566
	Zn	12	0.252	0.399	0.552	−0.329	−0.294	12	.881**	.797**	0.538	.622*	.664*
	TotalPAH	12	−0.063	0.098	0.483	−0.517	−0.455	12	0.112	0.147	0.315	−0.483	−0.49
PC3	Cl	12	.720**	0.434	0.035	.783**	.853**	12	.820**	.753**	0.305	.893**	.918**
	F	9	.933**	.917**	.717*	.683*	0.6	9	.733*	0.633	.750*	0.183	0.3
	Cu	12	0.2	0.273	0.375	−0.319	−0.228	12	.846**	.811**	0.42	.797**	.825**
PC4	Universal bacterial assay	12	.776**	.692*	0.147	.608*	.594*	12	.909**	.769**	0.315	.874**	.888**
Other	Genotoxic PAH	12	−0.084	0.14	0.566	.-580*	−0.545	12	0.112	0.147	0.315	−0.483	−0.49
	EUPah	12	−0.105	0.154	.615*	.-636*	.-622*	12	0.046	0.091	0.368	.-602*	.-592*
	Penicillium sp./Aspergillus sp.	12	.818**	.713**	0.161	.650*	.657*	12	.706*	.664*	.594*	.676*	.655*
	Cladosporidium cladosprioides	9	.850**	.917**	.767*	0.3	0.283	12	.708*	0.508	0.077	.676*	.655*
	Streptomyces sp.	6	.943**	.943**	0.771	.829*	.829*	12	0.406	0.455	0.538	−0.105	−0.056
	Mycobacterium sp.	9	.817**	.900**	.750*	0.233	0.183	12	.783**	.692*	0.259	.944**	.965**
		Summer						Autumn
		n	MIT	PI	SubG1	TNFa	MIP2	n	MIT	PI	SubG1	TNFa	MIP2
PC1	A	12	.805**	.851**	0.341	.886**	.939**	12	.636*	.678*	0.301	.958**	.951**
	Ca	12	.755**	.846**	0.49	.748**	.832**	12	.804**	.825**	.741**	.678*	.720**
	Fe	12	.692*	.755**	0.287	.832**	.888**	12	0.462	.594*	0.175	.888**	.881**
	K	12	.587*	.731**	0.476	0.517	.629*	12	0.573	.671*	0.552	.622*	.650*
	Mg	12	.881**	.937**	.615*	.720**	.797**	12	.853**	.867**	.601*	.916**	.944**
	Na	12	.881**	.916**	.741**	.580*	.657*	12	.734**	.797**	.594*	.804**	.832**
	Ni	12	.587*	.720**	0.538	0.448	0.573	12	0.442	0.495	0.495	0.431	0.452
PC2	SO₄	12	−0.168	−0.007	0.469	−0.503	−0.378	12	0.119	0.105	0.559	−0.469	−0.413
	NO₃	12	0.462	0.559	.650*	0.119	0.203	9	0.45	.733*	0.383	.667*	.750*
	V	12	0.399	0.559	0.448	0.301	0.448	12	0.52	.671*	.608*	0.485	0.527
	Zn	12	0.231	0.413	0.517	0.014	0.168	12	0.545	.587*	.790**	0.126	0.196
	TotalPAH	12	0.186	0.34	.669*	−0.224	−0.095	12	−0.021	0.112	0.455	−0.441	−0.378
PC3	C1	12	.811**	.846**	.615*	.601*	.657*	12	.762**	.825**	0.573	.867**	.895**
	F	12	.797**	.832**	.881**	0.308	0.371	9	.750*	.733*	0.633	.733*	.783*
	Cu	12	0.462	.594*	.769**	0.091	0.238	12	.818**	.769**	.741**	.643*	.678*
PC4	Universal bacterial assay	12	.916**	.846**	0.28	.944**	.923**	12	.958**	.818**	.783**	.650*	.692*
Other	GenoPAH	12	0.042	0.203	0.545	−0.308	−0.175	12	−0.056	0.056	0.427	−0.503	−0.441
	EUPah	12	−0.278	−0.091	0.344	−0.499	−0.359	12	−0.112	−0.021	0.378	−0.573	−0.51
	Penicillium sp./Aspergillus sp.	12	.916**	.846**	0.28	.944**	.923**	12	0.545	.713**	0.517	.643*	.678*
	Cladosporidium cladosprioides	12	.916**	.846**	0.28	.944**	.923**	12	0.573	.713**	0.301	.909**	.923**
	Streptomyces sp.	12	.797**	.846**	.748**	0.469	0.552	9	.867**	.983**	.800**	0.533	0.65
	Mycobacterium sp.	9	.900**	.883**	0.25	.967**	.967	9	.733*	.917**	0.567	.817**	.883**

The values are Spearman correlation coefficients (ρ), (** p < 0.01, * p < 0.05).
Genotoxic PAH compounds according to WHO (1998).
EU PAH compounds according to the EU Directive 2004/107/EC.

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