Species | |||
---|---|---|---|
Rat | Mouse | Hamster | Primate/human |
Likelihood for developing particle overload (slow lung clearance) | |||
+++ | +++ | + | Not determined* |
Alveolar macrophage participation | |||
Active (accumulation in alveolar ducts) | Active (accumulation in alveolar ducts) | Extensive (rapid clearance) | Not as extensive (translocation to interstitial sites) |
Pulmonary (neutrophilic) inflammation | |||
+++ | +++ | + | + |
Epithelial and interstitial cell proliferation | |||
+++ | + | (+) | (+) |
Septal fibrosis | |||
+++ | + | (+) | (+) |
Anatomical location of retained particulates | |||
Primarily alveolar (some increased translocation at overload) | Primarily alveolar (some translocation at overload) | Rapid clearance | Primarily interstitial |
Lung tumours following chronic exposure | |||
Yes | No | No | No |