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Table 3 Summary of inflammatory cell counts, LDH, total protein, and inflammatory mediators at 24 h after intratracheal instillation of CoCl2

From: Response-metrics for acute lung inflammation pattern by cobalt-based nanoparticles

BALF measure

VEHsaline

CoCl2 (μg/rat)a

69 (31)b

173 (79)

693 (315)

Total cells (× 105)

13.65 ± 2.63

24.68 ± 5.12

28.35 ± 3.96

18.30 ± 1.54

Macrophages (× 105)

11.84 ± 1.36

14.12 ± 1.81

13.66 ± 0.80

2.92 ± 0.746**

Neutrophils (× 105)

1.76 ± 1.38

10.48 ± 3.72*

13.74 ± 3.77**

11.70 ± 2.75***

Eosinophils (× 105)

0.02 ± 0.02

0.06 ± 0.04

0.95 ± 0.56

3.63 ± 0.81**

Lymphocytes (× 105)

0.05 ± 0.01

0.10 ± 0.04

0.04 ± 0.02

0.02 ± 0.02

LDH (fold vs control)

1.00 ± 0.12

3.08 ± 0.53*

6.65 ± 0.78***

15.05 ± 0.18***

Total protein (μg/mL)

270 ± 47

341 ± 67

700 ± 165

5051 ± 917***

CINC-3 (pg/mL)

0.00 ± 0.00

0.00 ± 0.00

0.00 ± 0.00

0.00 ± 0.00

IL-6 (pg/mL)

0.00 ± 0.00

0.00 ± 0.00

39.2 ± 39.2

734.6 ± 152.3***

Eotaxin (pg/mL)

10.76 ± 3.27

30.94 ± 16.60

133.1 ± 49.2

699.8 ± 38.1***

IL-13 (pg/mL)

0.00 ± 0.00

0.00 ± 0.00

0.00 ± 0.00

0.00 ± 0.00

  1. aCo ions were prepared by dissolving CoCl2 in saline and treated at equivalent dose for Co of CoO NPs (40, 100, and 400 μg/rat)
  2. bParenthesis represents the Co ions mass for CoCl2 which is equivalent Co ions doses of CoO NPs
  3. Data were presented as mean ± SEM. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, and *** p < 0.001, statistically different from vehicle control (VEHsaline)
  4. VEHsaline, sterile 0.9 % saline was used as a vehicle control for CoCl2; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; CINC-3, cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant-3