Fig. 2

CNP exposure during sensitization leads to enhanced immune responses which can be attenuated by ectoine. a Experimental design, for sensitization, animals (n = 8) were treated with PBS, CNP, and CNP + E as described in Fig. 1. Additionally, 12 h after this treatment animals received 20 μg OVA. At day 21 serum was collected (S). After challenge (1 % OVA in PBS, 30 min) on three consecutive days (d32 – d34), animals were sacrificed and BAL, blood and lymph nodes were collected. b OVA-specific IgE prior to and after challenge. c Differential cell counts (representative plots and means, SEM) after challenge significance bar indicates differences in total cell numbers and neutrophil numbers. d CXCL1 levels in BAL after challenge. *p < 0.05, Mann Whitney U-test