Lung inflammation and lack of genotoxicity in the comet and micronucleus assays of industrial multiwalled carbon nanotubes Graphistrength© C100 after a 90-day nose-only inhalation exposure of rats

Table 6 Cytokines parameters in the BALF of male and female rats 24 h and 90 days after a 90-day exposure to Graphistrength^© C100

Mean ± sd (pg/mL) #	IL-1β	IL-5	TNF-α	IL-1 α
MALE
24 h post exposure
0 mg/m³	11.52 ± 6.43	0 ± 0.0	1.34 ± 0.60	3.38 ± 6.40
0.05 mg/m³	12.83 ± 9.11	0 ± 0.0	1.47 ± 0.84	11.31 ± 11.70
0.25 mg/m³	13.43 ± 5.96	0 ± 0.0	4.56 ± 1.55**	5.99 ± 6.82
5.0 mg/m³	10.60 ± 2.58	0 ± 0.0	8.17 ± 2.66**	0 ± 0.0
90 days post exposure
0 mg/m³	15.68 ± 5.65	2.30 ± 4.87	1.83 ± 0.75	6.46 ± 4.20
0.05 mg/m³	18.40 ± 3.69	7.12 ± 4.43*	2.21 ± 2.25	10.20 ± 8.39
0.25 mg/m³	21.38 ± 6.63*	12.38 ± 9.33**	4.46 ± 1.54**	9.82 ± 8.16
5.0 mg/m³	24.64 ± 7.28**	4.63 ± 6.38	9.03 ± 2.28**	21.74 ± 24.45*
FEMALE
24 h post exposure
0 mg/m³	7.74 ± 2.90	1.34 ± 1.78	0.77 ± 0.20	7.15 ± 9.35
0.05 mg/m³	6.31 ± 3.24	0.78 ± 1.27	0.80 ± 0.37	6.44 ± 10.70
0.25 mg/m³	13.48 ± 5.58	0.06 ± 0.18	6.53 ± 7.33**	11.94 ± 11.61
5.0 mg/m³	13.81 ± 7.47**	0.57 ± 1.81	7.68 ± 1.35**	13.16 ± 17.70
90 days post exposure
0 mg/m³	16.83 ± 4.57	13.41 ± 11.01	2.12 ± 0.85	9.94 ± 6.86
0.05 mg/m³	15.63 ± 4.22	8.00 ± 3.54	1.89 ± 0.66	9.52 ± 10.59
0.25 mg/m³	16.42 ± 3.66	4.98 ± 5.00	4.54 ± 1.33**	6.75 ± 8.24
5.0 mg/m³	24.57 ± 5.42**	1.46 ± 3.60	11.16 ± 4.91**	4.49 ± 6.54

* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01; statistical significant differences to controls
# mean value higher than mean + 2sd of the corresponding control group are in italic characters

ISSN: 1743-8977