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Fig. 2 | Particle and Fibre Toxicology

Fig. 2

From: Cytotoxic and inflammatory potential of size-fractionated particulate matter collected repeatedly within a small urban area

Fig. 2

Cytotoxic potency of size-fractionated particles from the industrial (W1), traffic (W2), and urban background (W3) sites in macrophage-like J774 cells. a Membrane integrity (lactate dehydrogenase release). b Cellular energy state (ATP content). c Cellular redox status (resazurin reduction). Potency estimates were calculated using the results of three independent experiments, and represent the slope of the dose-effect relationship. W4 represents exposures to extracts of field blanks. Statistical analyses were performed on both the cytotoxicity data and the potency data, as described in Materials and Methods. For simplicity, only effects from significant Site × Size interactions are presented. Numbers above bars indicate that samples are statistically different from that group according to post-hoc pairwise multiple comparison (e.g. “2, 4” above group W1 signifies that W1 is different from groups W2 and W4, Holm-Sidak method, p < 0.05), with asterisks denoting a significant effect according to analysis of the raw cytotoxicity data and pound signs denoting a significant effect according to analysis of potency data. Site × Size interactions for potency data: LDH, p = 0.01; ATP, p = 0.374; resazurin reduction, p = 0.168; for cytotoxicity data: LDH, p < 0.001; ATP, p = 0.026; resazurin reduction, p = 0.013

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