Fig. 8
Effects of surface charge and surface coating on Ag ENMs on induction of HPRT gene mutations in V79-4 cells. Cells were treated with 3 different concentrations of Ag ENMs and Ag ENM stabilizer equivalent to stabilizer concentrations in highest tested concentrations of Ag ENMs. The mutant frequencies (×106) are expressed as mean ± SD of three independent experiments, with two independent harvests per experiment. MMS (0.03 μM, 30 min) was used as a positive control. NC – negative control; PC – positive control (MMS; 0.03 μM, 30 min), SC – stabilizer control . For Ag_Byk and Ag_Chitosan level of mutants could not be fully evaluated, due to strong cytotoxicity. Significant difference from unexposed control (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0,001)