|  | Coating/Stablilizer | Dispa | Size | DLS | Zeta (pH 7.4) | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |  | TEM | H2O | CCM | CCM, 6 h | CCM, 24 h | |||||||||
 |  | mean [nm] | D50 [nm] | D50 [nm] | D50 [nm] | D50 [nm] | [mV] | ||||||||
SiO2 | Unmod. | None | Stir | 15 | 40 | 280 | ± | 90 | 423 | ± | 180 | 761 | ± | 145 | −39 |
PEG | Polyethylene-glycol (MW 500 g/mol) | Stir | 15 | 50 | 641 | ± | 114 | 606 | ± | 61 | 638 | ± | 68 | −26 | |
Amino | Aminopropyltrimethoxysilane | Stir | 15 | 42 | 517 | ± | 257 | 1171 | ± | 865 | 1248 | ± | 782 | 0 | |
Phosphate | TPMP | Stir | 15 | 40 | 221 | ± | 23 | 199 | ± | 28 | 206 | ± | 22 | −42.9 | |
NM-200 | None | US | 50b | 232 | 238 | ± | 17 | 438 | ± | 56 | 555 | ± | 98 | −47.5b | |
NM-203 | None | US | 73.61b | 159 | 319 | ± | 51 | 468 | ± | 29 | 705 | ± | 408 | −46.1b | |
ZrO2 | Acrylate | Acrylate | Stir | 9 | 9 | 925 | ± | 260 | 1195 | ± | 296 | 1161 | ± | 245 | −39 |
PEG | Polyethylene-glycol (MW 500 g/mol) | Stir | 9 | 27 | 265 | ± | 420 | 252 | ± | 8 | 261 | ± | 22 | −7.8 | |
Amino | Aminopropyltrimethoxysilane | Stir | 10 | 315 | 644 | ± | 163 | 657 | ± | 166 | 815 | ± | 217 | 3.9 | |
TODS | TODS | Stir | 9 | 9 | 219 | ± | 16 | 217 | ± | 14 | 212 | ± | 8 | −6.5 | |
Ag | 50 PVP | Polyvinyl-pyrrolidone | Stir | 97 | 123 | 226 | ± | 22 | 214 | ± | 20 | 196 | ± | 10 | −7 |
200 PVP | Polyvinyl-pyrrolidone | Stir | 134 | 408 | 271 | ± | 36 | 264 | ± | 37 | 272 | ± | 41 | −7 | |
50 Citrate | Citrate | Stir | 20 | 35 | 131 | ± | 3 | 125 | ± | 4 | 128 | ± | 5 | −45 | |
NM-300k | Polyoxyethylene Glycerol Trioleate/Polyoxyethylene (20)/Tween 20 | US | 17b | 71 | 65 | ± | 1 | 81 | ± | 10 | 77 | ± | 17 | n.a. | |
TiO2 | NM-103 (rutile) | Polydimethyl siloxane | US | 26b | 299 | 315 | ± | 63 | 312 | ± | 32 | 364 | ± | 62 | n.a. |
NM-104 (rutile) | Polydimethyl siloxane | US | 26b | 244 | 268 | ± | 30 | 283 | ± | 10 | 281 | ± | 28 | n.a. | |
NM-105 (15 % rutile/85 % anatase) | None | Stir | 21 | 478 | 787 | ± | 115 | 823 | ± | 163 | 505 | ± | 54 | −17 | |
MWCNT | NM-400 | Not specified | US | 11/846b | 212c | 209 | ± | 23 | 259 | ± | 38 | 253 | ± | 14 | n.a. |
NM-401 | Not specified | US | 67/4048b | 762c | 798 | ± | 39 | 951 | ± | 86 | 955 | ± | 57 | n.a. | |
NM-402 | Not specified | US | 11/1372b | 176c | 191 | ± | 11 | 166 | ± | 9 | 174 | ± | 19 | n.a. | |
ZnO | NM-111 | Triethoxycapryl silane | US | 152b | 345 | 285 | ± | 17 | 282 | ± | 11 | 304 | ± | 14 | n.a. |
NM-110 | None | Stir | 80 | 275 | 1020 | ± | 182 | 901 | ± | 142 | 759 | ± | 253 | 20 | |
NM-110 | None | US | 65 | 436 | 482 | ± | 19 | 474 | ± | 8 | 449 | ± | 33 | n.a. | |
BaSO4 | NM-220 | None | Stir | 32 | 350 | 353 | ± | 24 | 335 | ± | 20 | 449 | ± | 136 | −39 |
AlOOH | None | Stir | 37 | 262 | 484 | ± | 63 | 536 | ± | 121 | 442 | ± | 80 | 5 |