Proteomic analysis of protein carbonylation: a useful tool to unravel nanoparticle toxicity mechanisms

Driessen, Marc D.; Mues, Sarah; Vennemann, Antje; Hellack, Bryan; Bannuscher, Anne; Vimalakanthan, Vishalini; Riebeling, Christian; Ossig, Rainer; Wiemann, Martin; Schnekenburger, Jürgen; Kuhlbusch, Thomas A. J.; Renard, Bernhard; Luch, Andreas; Haase, Andrea

doi:10.1186/s12989-015-0108-2

Particle and Fibre Toxicology

Table 2 NP oxidative stress potential

From: Proteomic analysis of protein carbonylation: a useful tool to unravel nanoparticle toxicity mechanisms

		Cytotoxicity	Surface reactivity NP (NP free supernatant)			ROS – Activity		Protein carbonylation
		IC50 (WST)	ESR	ESR	ESR	DCFDA-Assay		1D screen	2D test
		μg/ml (μg/cm²)	CPH/ dH2O	DMPO/dH2O	Overall	μg/ml (μg/cm²)	Highest treatment μg/mL (μg/cm²)	Relative	Spot number
SiO₂	unmod.	weak (IC 50 not reached)	4 (0.88)	11 (6.3)	Positive	n.d.	34 (10)	Strong	74
	PEG	no cytotoxicity	1 (3.4)	11 (13)	Negative	n.d.	34 (10)	Negative	N.A.
	Amino	no cytotoxicity	0.57 (1.1)	21 (5.2)	Positive	n.d.	34 (10)	Medium	78
	Phosphate	no cytotoxicity	2.2 (1.2)	19 (5)	Positive	n.d.	34 (10)	Weak	78
	NM-200	no cytotoxicity	3.7	1.0	Positive	n.d.	170 (50)	Medium	86
	NM-203	week (IC 50 not reached)	3.3	1.1	Positive	n.d.	170 (50)	Medium	121
ZrO₂	Acrylate	no cytotoxicity	1 (2)	3.6 (1.5)	Negative	n.d.	34 (10)	Negative	N.A.
	PEG	no cytotoxicity	1.5 (2.3)	1.7 (0.71)	Negative	n.d.	34 (10)	Negative	N.A.
	Amino	no cytotoxicity	0.95 (17)	3.5 (2)	Negative	n.d.	34 (10)	Negative	N.A.
	TODS	no cytotoxicity	0.54 (5.7)	0.94 (1.3)	Negative	n.d.	34 (10)	Negative	N.A.
Ag	50 PVP	1 (0.3)	45 (1)	0.4 (1)	Positive	n.d.	34 (10)	Strong	93
	200 PVP	no cytotoxicity	72 (1)	0.48 (1)	Positive	n.d.	34 (10)	Negative	N.A.
	50 Citrate	no cytotoxicity	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	n.d.	34 (10)	Medium	44
	NM-300 k	12 (3.6)	1.4 (4.3)	0.5 (1.3)	Negative	n.d.	34 (10)	Medium	62
TiO₂	NM-103	no cytotoxicity	3.2	1.0	Positive	n.d.	85 (25)	Negative	N.A.
	NM-104	no cytotoxicity	1.6	0.9	Negative	n.d.	85 (25)	Negative	N.A.
	NM-105	Strong	0.82	3	Positive	n.d.	34 (10)	Medium	57
MWCNT	NM-400	no cytotoxicity	2.1	1.2	Negative	34 (10)^a	170 (50)	Negative	N.A.
	NM-401	no cytotoxicity	2.4	0.8	Negative	170 (50)^a	170 (50)	Negative	N.A.
	NM-402	no cytotoxicity	1.1	3.4	Positive	34^a (10)	170 (50)	Negative	N.A.
ZnO	NM-111	20 (6)	2.8	3.5	Positive	n.d.	170 (50)	Strong	88
	NM-110 (stir)^b	7.5 (2.2)	22	12	Positive	n.d.	170 (50)	Strong	68
	NM-110 (US)^b	12.5 (3.7)	3.4	2.8	Positive	n.d.	170 (50)	Strong	80
BaSO₄	NM-220	no cytotoxicity	2	2	Negative	N.A.	N.A.	Negative	N.A.
AlOOH		no cytotoxicity	2.3	1.3	Negative	N.A.	N.A.	Negative	N.A.

Values in brackets for ESR refer to NP-depleted supernatant, if applicable. Protein carbonylation strong, medium, and weak was assigned according to 1D immunoblots.
Data labeled with a) are derived from Farcal et al. [71]
^brefers to dispersion method used (stir: stirring or US: ultrasonication)

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