|
Inhalation studies
|
|
Duration
|
CNT
|
Dose
|
Experimental model
|
Fibrosis
|
References
|
| |
Type
|
Source
|
Length (μm)
|
Diameter (nm)
|
Other
| |
Species
|
Strain
|
Methods
| | |
|
1-28d
|
SWCNT
|
CNI
|
0.1–1
|
0.8–1.2
| |
5 mg/m3, 5 h/d, 4d
|
mouse
|
C57BL/6
|
SSCK, SRS
|
+
|
[81]
|
|
whole body
|
|
1y
|
SWCNT
|
U
|
1–3
|
65
| |
5 mg/m3, 5 h/d, 4d
|
mouse
|
C57BL/6
|
SSCK
|
+
|
[83]
|
|
whole body
|
|
2-12d
|
MWCNT-7
|
HCC
|
/
|
/
| |
10 mg/m3, 5 h/d
|
mouse
|
C57BL/6 J
|
MTS
|
+
|
[84]
|
|
whole body
|
|
1 to 336d
|
MWCNT-7
|
HCC
|
4.3
|
/
| |
5 mg/m3, 5 h/d, 12d
|
mouse
|
C57BL/6 J
|
SRS
|
+
|
[27]
|
|
whole body
|
|
17 m
|
MWCNT-7
|
HCC
|
1–6
|
40–90
| |
5 mg/m3, 5 h/d, 5d/w
|
mouse
|
B6C3F1
|
H&E
|
↑
|
[85]
|
|
whole body
|
|
90d
|
MWCNT-7
|
HCC
|
5.5–6.2
|
94–98
| |
0.2–5 mg/m3, 5 h/d, 4d
|
rat
|
F344
|
MTS
|
++
|
[86]
|
|
whole body
|
|
1d-14w
|
MWCNT
|
HMS
|
0.3–50
|
30–50
| |
1–30 mg/m3, 6 h/d
|
mouse
|
C57BL/6
|
MTS
|
++
|
[87]
|
|
nose inh
|
|
90d
|
MWCNT
|
N
|
0.1–10
|
5–15
| |
0.1–2.5 mg/m3,
|
rat
|
Wistar
|
H&E
|
-
|
[88]
|
|
6 h/d, 5d/w, 13w
|
|
nose inh
|
|
90d
|
MWCNT
|
N
|
0.1–10
|
5–15
| |
0.1–2.5 mg/m3
|
rat
|
SH
|
MTS, LS, GS
|
-
|
[89]
|
|
6 h/d, 5d/w, 13w
|
|
nd inh
|
- nd: not determined. Duration: d: day; w: week; y: year. CNT type: AP: as prepared; COOH: carboxyl; NH2: amino; PD: purified. Source: A: Arkema (France); CNI: Carbon Nanotechnologies Inc. (Houston, TX); CT: Cheap Tubes (Brattlebore, VT); HCC: Hodogaya Chemical Company; HMS: Helix Materials Solution (Richardson, TX); MC: Mitsui & Company (Tokio, Japan); N: Nanocyl (Sambreville, Belgium); NI: NanoIntegris (Skokie, IL); NP: Nanotech Port (Chengdu, China); PIH: produced in-house; SA: Sigma-Aldrich (Lyon, France); SN: Shenzhen Nanoharbor (Shenzhen, China); SNP: Shenzhen Nanotech Port (Shenzhen, China); U: Unidym (Sunnyvale, CA). Other: AD: acetone/sonication dispersed; ALD: atomic layer deposition; BSA: bovine serum albumin; cc-PEI: carboxyl converted PEI; D: dispersed; DPPC: dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine; F: functionalized; ND: no dispersed; PABS: polyaminobenzene sulfonic acid group; PEG: polyethylene glycol; PEI: polyethyleneimine; PF108-C: cruder stock; PF108-HD: homogeneously dispersed; SD: survanta dispersed; swNH2: sidewall amine. Methods: GS: Gomori staining; H&E: Hematoxylin and eosin stain; hcIll: histopathology collagen type III; LS: Ladewig staining; MTS: Masson's trichrome staining; OH-p: hydroxyl proline, SRS: Sirius red staining; SSCK: Sircol Soluble Collagen; WBc: western blot collagen. Fibrosis: +p < 0.05, ++p < 0.01, +++p < 0.001 as reported in the respective paper; (#) p < 0.05 difference between particle responses as reported in the respective paper; ↑: increase of fibrosis suggested by authors but without statistical evidence
