Table 1 Intrinsic material properties of the test substances (for the OECD representative NMs, as provided by the supplier a)
OECD no./substance name | Test material | Physical state/form of production | Purity (%), impurities | Particle size (nm) and shape | SSA (BET; m2/g) | Classification ‘serious eye damage/eye irritation’ b (CAS No./EC List No.) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
NM-100 | TiO2 pigmentary | Anatase, uncoated | >98.5 | TEM: 42–90 | 10 | Conclusive, but not sufficient for classification (CAS No. 13463-67-7) |
NM-101 | TiO2 | Anatase, uncoated | 91.7 | 8, XRD: 6 | 320 | |
NM-102 | TiO2 | Anatase, uncoated | 96.0 | 22, XRD: 20 | 90 | |
NM-103 | TiO2 | Rutile, ultrafine, hydrophobic | 89.0; Al2O3: 6.2Â % | 20, XRD: 20 | 60 | |
NM-104 | TiO2 | Rutile, ultrafine, hydrophilic | 89.8; Al2O3: 6.2Â % | 20, XRD: 20 | 60 | |
NM-105 | TiO2 | Rutile-anatase, uncoated | > 99 | 21, XRD: 22 | 61 | |
NM-110 | ZnO | Uncoated, white powder | > 99 | XRD: 41.5, spherical | 13 | ZnO nano: Conclusive, but not sufficient for classification (CAS No. 1314-13-2) |
NM-111 | ZnO | Coated with 1–4 % triethoxycaprylyl silane, white powder | 96–99 | XRD: 33.8, spherical | 16 | |
NM-200 | Amorphous SiO2 | Produced by precipitation, white powder | 96.5 | TEM: 20, spherical | 230 | Amorphous fumed silica and precipitated silica gel: Conclusive, but not sufficient for classification (CAS No. 7631-86-9) |
NM-203 | Amorphous SiO2 | Produced by thermal process, white powder | - | TEM: 20, spherical, irregular | 226 | |
aSiO2-susp | Amorphous SiO2 | Synthesis by means of a growth process from an aqueous solution with dissociated molecular silicic acid, opalescent suspension | >99Â % | TEM: 15 | 200 | |
Quartz dust DQ12 | Crystalline SiO2 | Powder | 87Â %; rest: amorphous SiO2, 0.2Â % Al2O3; 0.03Â % Fe2O3 | 89, hexagonal | 5.9 | |
NM-211 | CeO2 | Uncoated, produced by precipitation, yellowish powder | > 95 | XRD: 10.3, cubic | 66 | Bulk cerium dioxide: Conclusive, but not sufficient for classification (CAS No. 1306-38-3) |
NM-212 | CeO2 | Uncoated, produced by precipitation, yellowish powder | > 99.5 | XRD: 33, cubic | 28 | |
NM-300 K | Silver < 20 nm | Produced by chemical precipitation of AgNO3, monodispersed with capping agents (cf. NM-300 K DIS); silver content: 10.16 % w/w, very viscous, concentrate orange-brown, yellow in dilution | 10 | TEM: 15, colloidal, spherical | Not available | Silver (≥ 99.9 % Ag in nano form; median particle size <100 nm): Conclusive, but not sufficient for classification (CAS No. 7440-22-4) |
NM-300Â K DIS | Ag dispersant | Aqueous solution containing the capping agents: 4Â % each of polyoxyethylene glycerol trioleate and polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan mono-laurate (Tween 20), very viscous | Tween 20 (CAS No. 9005-64-5) non-irritant (OECD TG 437) | |||
NM-400 | MWCNT | Specialty graphite, produced by CCVD, at 20 °C and 1013 hPa: solid powder, black odourless, insoluble in water or organic solvent, surface charge: NA, conductive | > 90; impurities: < 10 % metal oxide | TEM: Ø 9.5, 1.5 μm length, short, thin, tangled, concentric tubes | 280 | Conclusive, but not sufficient for classification (EC List No. 936-414-1) |
NM-401 | MWCNT | Specialty graphite, produced by CCVD, at 20 °C and 1013 hPa: solid powder, black odourless, insoluble in water or organic solvent, surface charge: NA, conductive | > 95, impurities: < 5 % metal oxides | TEM: Ø 10 - 30, 5 - 15 μm length, short, thin, tangled, concentric tubes | 300 | |
NM-402 | MWCNT | Specialty graphite, produced by CCVD, at 20 °C and 1013 hPa: solid powder, black odourless, insoluble in water or organic solvent, surface charge: NA, conductive | > 90, impurities: < 10 % metal oxides | TEM: Ø 5 - 15, 0.1 – 10 μm length, short, thin, tangled concentric tubes | 250–300 | |
Talc | Powder | >97Â % | non-nanosized | non-nanosized | Exempt from REACH registration (CAS No. 14807-96-6) | |
Pigment Red 57:1 | Red powder, insoluble in water and octanol | >90Â % | TEM: polydisperse from 20Â nm to 200Â nm, mostly irregular shapes of low aspect ratio, some rods | 59 | Not irritating; 13 eye irritation studies available, mostly comparable to OECD TG 405, some GLP-compliant (CAS No. 5281-04-9) | |
Pigment Yellow 95 | Yellow Powder, insoluble in water and octanol | >99Â % | TEM: mostly rods with aspect ratios around 5, diameters from 30Â nm to 150Â nm | 57 | Not irritating (OECD TG 405, GLP-compliant) | |
Average score (24–72 h) for irritation: 0.0 for iris, 0.1 for corneal opacity and conjunctival redness, and 0.3 for chemosis. (CAS No. 5280-80-8) | ||||||
Pigment Black 32 | Black Powder, insoluble in water and octanol | >99Â % | TEM: mostly rods with aspect ratios around 5, diameters from 40Â nm to 200Â nm | 39 | Not irritating (OECD TG 405, GLP-compliant) | |
Average score (24–72 h) for irritation: 0.0 for corneal opacity, iris and chemosis and 0.3 for conjunctival redness.(EC List No. 475-310-6) | ||||||