Fig. 8From: Atomic layer deposition coating of carbon nanotubes with zinc oxide causes acute phase immune responses in human monocytes in vitro and in mice after pulmonary exposureLung cytokine protein and mRNA levels at one and 28 days post-exposure to U-MWCNTs or Z-MWCNTs. a IL-6, b IL-1β, c CXCL10 and d TNF-α protein and mRNA expression. in vivo lung exposure of mice to Z-MWCNTs elevated pro-inflammatory cytokine mRNA and protein levels one day after exposure while exposure to U-MWCNTs did not. Twenty-eight days later all levels are at or below control levels with the exception of TNF-α mRNA. The numbers of animals per group at day one was: Control (3), U-MWCNT (4), Z-MWCNT (4) and at 28 days was: Control (4), U-MWCNT (5), Z-MWCNT (3). Significance is represented as * as compared to the control and # as compared to U-MWCNT, * denotes P < 0.05, ** denotes P < 0.01, and *** denotes P < 0.001Back to article page