Maternal exposure to diluted diesel engine exhaust alters placental function and induces intergenerational effects in rabbits

Table 1 Ultrasound measurements at 14 dpc

Variable	Number of fetuses		Median [Q1; Q3]		Adjusted p-value
Variable	C	E	C	E	β value	CI	P-value
Crown-rump length (mm)	35	65	11.3 [10.8; 11.8]	11.2 [10.8; 11.8]	−0.275	[−0.821;0.271]	0.332
Body width (mm)	35	64	5.0 [4.7; 5.2]	5.0 [4.7; 5.2]	0.009	[−0.245;0.263]	0.945
Head length (mm)	36	64	8.4 [7.5; 9.15]	8.2 [6.9; 8.6]	−0.59	[−1.116;-0.064]	0.040*
Head width (mm)	36	64	4.3 [4.0; 4.6]	4.2 [3.9; 4.5]	−0.107	[−0.29;0.076]	0.261
Body perimeter (mm)	35	65	68 [63.9; 70.3]	67.4 [64.9; 69.8]	0.902	[−2.457;4.26]	0.602
Umbilical pulse (beat/min)	33	65	222 [219.5; 227.5]	214.5 [208.8; 218.6]	−8.807	[−15.527;-2.088]	0.018*

The effects of gestational DE exposure on fetal body and head parameter (length, width and perimeter) and on umbilical pulse were measured with Doppler ultrasound in control (C) and exposed (E) groups. The linear model was adjusted only for the dam and all data are expressed as median [Q1; Q3] (*p < 0.05, compared with control group)