Fig. 5

Particulate matter uptake in bronchial macrophages after acute and chronic exposure to atmospheres. Representative images of macrophages in the bronchial lavage fluid for (a) animals exposed to filtered air, (b) animals exposed to UFP, and (c) animals exposed to UFP + G. Images demonstrate the rubric for particulate matter uptake scoring on a scale of 0–5. Acute (1-day) exposure resulted in significant uptake of particulate matter in the (d) UFP + G and FP + G exposure groups in C57BL/6 animals and in the (e) UFP and UFP + G exposure groups in in ApoE^−/− animals. Chronic (30-day) exposure resulted in significant uptake of particulate matter in the (f) UFP, UFP + G, and FP exposure groups in C57BL/6 animals, and in (g) all exposure groups, UFP, UFP + G, FP, FP + G in ApoE^−/− animals. n = 7–8 per group, *p < .05; **p < .01; ***p < .001; ****p < .0001