Fig. 1
From: Nanoparticle exposure reactivates latent herpesvirus and restores a signature of acute infection
Exposure to NP does not alter lytic virus replication after primary infection in vitro but boosts lytic replication in persistently infected cells: The alveolar macrophage cell line MH-S a or the alveolar epithelial cell line LA-4 b were infected for 2 h with MHV-68 wildtype virus at an MOI of 1 and then treated with 50 μg/ml CNP. Cells and cell culture supernatants were harvested at different time points post infection, and titers were determined by plaque assay on BHK-21 cells. Data shown are the means ± SD from two independent experiments. c and d: MH-S cells were infected with MHV-68 overnight, treated with 50 μg/ml CNP c or DWCNT d and incubated for another two hours. Free lytic virus was inactivated by incubation with citrate buffer (pH = 3.0). After plating of serial cell dilutions on indicator cells, the amount of cytopathic effect (CPE) was determined. Relative values, normalized to the genomic load in the infected cells, were calculated. The value for untreated cells was set as “1”. Symbols represent values from individual experiments and the bars represent the mean. Asterisks indicate a statistically significant difference to the untreated control (*: P < 0.05)