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Fig. 2 | Particle and Fibre Toxicology

Fig. 2

From: Nanoparticle exposure reactivates latent herpesvirus and restores a signature of acute infection

Fig. 2

Exposure to NP reactivates latent virus in persistently infected cells in vitro: The S11 B-cell line and the persistently with MHV-68 infected macrophage cell line ANA-1/MHV-68 were incubated with 50 μg/ml NP and lytic virus was determined in the supernatant by plaque assay after 72 h (panels a and b). Expression of the viral genes ORF50 (specific for the lytic phase) and ORF73 (expressed during lytic and latent phase) – shown as the ratio ORF50/ORF73 - (panels c and d) and of genes that have been shown to be associated with reactivation of latent virus (panels e and f) was analyzed by RT-PCR 72 h after NP exposure in S11 and in ANA-1/MHV-68 cells. The values in untreated cells were set as “1” and the values for cells after NP treatment were calculated relative to the control. Treatment with TPA or LPS, respectively, was used as a positive control. Data shown are the means + SD from three (S11 cells; panels a, c, e) or four independent experiments (ANA-1/MHV-68 cells; panels b, d, f). Asterisks indicate a statistically significant difference to the untreated control (*: P < 0.05; **: P < 0.01)

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