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Fig. 5 | Particle and Fibre Toxicology

Fig. 5

From: Nanoparticle exposure reactivates latent herpesvirus and restores a signature of acute infection

Fig. 5

Treatment of latently infected mice with NP restores features resembling the ones seen in acute infection: The viral genomic load in whole lung tissue was measured by qPCR a. The expression of the viral genes ORF50 (specific for lytic replication) and ORF73 (expressed throughout all phases of the viral life cycle) was analyzed in whole lung tissue b and in BAL cells c by RT-PCR. The mean ratio between ORF50 and ORF73 expression detected in mice with virus for 29d only was set as “1” and all other values were expressed as relative values. Differential cell counts were made to examine the composition of BAL cells d. The transcriptome of whole lung tissue was analyzed with the Illumina-MouseRef-8v2.0 Expression BeadChip. Genes that were both regulated in the acute infection situation and in latent infection plus NP treatment compared to untreated control mice or to mice with latent virus or NP only were searched for in the transcriptome data. Only genes that were at least 1.5-fold up- or downregulated compared to all control groups were considered as differentially regulated. An overlap of 15 upregulated and 3 downregulated genes was found in the group subsequently treated with CNP e, and 33 upregulated plus 5 downregulated genes in the group treated with DWCNT f. Regulated pathways that were identified by IPA are shown in g for CNP and in h for DWCNT as a second hit in latently infected mice. All data were obtained from a single experiment with 6 mice per group for BAL cells and 3 mice per group for whole lung tissue, except for the control group in panels e and f, where the expression values of 2 mice are shown. In panels a, b, c and d, the means + SD are shown

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