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Fig. 7 | Particle and Fibre Toxicology

Fig. 7

From: In vitro biological responses to nanofibrillated cellulose by human dermal, lung and immune cells: surface chemistry aspect

Fig. 7

Cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production after NFC exposure. Kinetic study of ROS production of THP-1 macrophages treated with increasing doses (50–500 μg/mL) of (a) U-NFC, (b) A- NFC and (c) C-NFC. ROS assessed with the ROS-specific fluorescent probe DCFDA-DA every 30 min during 120 min. Negative control represents untreated cells. Tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP), an inducer of oxidative stress, represents the positive control. Data are expressed as relative fluorescence units (RFU) and presented as the mean ± SEM of three independent experiments

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