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Fig. 4 | Particle and Fibre Toxicology

Fig. 4

From: Impact of copper oxide nanomaterials on differentiated and undifferentiated Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cells; assessment of cytotoxicity, barrier integrity, cytokine production and nanomaterial penetration

Fig. 4

IL-8 production by differentiated and undifferentiated Caco-2 cells following CuO NMs and CuSO4 exposure. Cells were exposed to cell culture medium (control, 0), CuO NMs or CuSO4 at concentrations of < 12.68 μg/cm2 Cu for 6 or 24 h for undifferentiated cells and 24 or 48 h for differentiated cells. The level of IL-8 in the cell supernatant was determined using an ELISA kit. a) Comparison of 6 and 24 h time point of undifferentiated Caco-2 cells. b) Comparison of 24 and 48 h time point of differentiated Caco-2 cells. c) Comparison of differentiated and undifferentiated Caco-2 cells. Data are expressed as average IL-8 concentration (pg/ml) ± SEM (n = 3). Significance at p < 0.05 is indicated by * for comparison of different treatment concentrations or $ for comparison of 24 and 48 h time point

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