Fig. 5From: Impact of copper oxide nanomaterials on differentiated and undifferentiated Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cells; assessment of cytotoxicity, barrier integrity, cytokine production and nanomaterial penetrationCellular uptake and translocation across differentiated Caco-2 cells. Following differentiation of Caco-2 cells, cells were exposed to cell culture medium (control, 0), CuO NMs or CuSO4 at concentration of 3.17, 6.34 or 12.68 μg/cm2 Cu at the apical compartment for 24 and 48 h. The level of Cu in the apical, basolateral compartment and the cell were determined by ICP-OES. a) Apical compartment. b) Basolateral compartment, c) Cell. Data are expressed as mean copper concentration (as a percentage of the treatment concentration) ± SEM (n = 3). Significance p < 0.05 are indicted by * for comparison of treatment concentration or # for comparison of 24 and 48 h time pointBack to article page