An integrated methodology for assessing the impact of food matrix and gastrointestinal effects on the biokinetics and cellular toxicity of ingested engineered nanomaterials

Table 2 Colloidal characterization of ENM used in this study

Sample	d _H (nm)	D ₃₂ (nm)	PdI	ζ (mV)	σ (mS/cm)	pH
Fe₂O₃ in water	108.3 ± 1.1	–	0.199 ± 0.007	−27.2 ± 0.4	0.03 ± 0.00	6.05
Emulsion	191.7 ± 2.2	138 ± 1	0.190 ± 0.019	−33.6 ± 1.3	0.81 ± 0.00	6.97
Emulsion + Fe₂O₃	200.7 ± 4.1	132 ± 3	0.243 ± 0.007	−36.3 ± 0.6	0.80 ± 0.01	6.94
Mouth digesta	365.4 ± 20.3	295 ± 9	0.489 ± 0.096	−23.0 ± 0.8	1.04 ± 0.03	6.66
Mouth digesta + Fe₂O₃	472.3 ± 4.3	270 ± 8	0.768 ± 0.008	−23.7 ± 1.1	1.03 ± 0.3	6.76
Stomach digesta	272.4 ± 5.9	29,967 ± 1254	0.354 ± 0.052	0.7 ± 0.5	1.49 ± 0.07	1.64
Stomach digesta + Fe₂O₃	332.2 ± 17.3	25,490 ± 550	0.541 ± 0.073	1.4 ± 0.2	1.40 ± 0.14	1.52
Sm. Int digesta	227.5 ± 1.7	1175 ± 182	0.322 ± 0.030	−55.2 ± 3.7	1.05 ± 0.03	7.02
Sm. Int digesta + Fe₂O₃	335.5 ± 0.7	491 ± 52	0.513 ± 0.015	−47.6 ± 1.7	1.08 ± 0.04	6.98
Sm. Int. digesta 1:3 D + F	1736.7 ± 160.9	405 ± 40	0.390 ± 0.130	−16.5 ± 1.1	2.23 ± 0.10	7.13
Sm. Int. digesta + Fe₂O₃, 1:3 D + F	1867.7 ± 144.3	336 ± 62	0.373 ± 0.023	−16.3 ± 1.6	2.29 ± 0.15	7.03
Sm. Int digesta 1:3 D-F	242.4 ± 1.7	347 ± 8	0.322 ± 0.040	−27.2 ± 1.4	2.17 ± 0.10	7.07
Sm. Int digesta + Fe₂O₃,1:3 D-F	394.2 ± 2.5	307 ± 52	0.536 ± 0.012	−24.9 ± 3.2	2.35 ± 0.14	7.10

d _H intensity-weighted mean hydrodynamic diameter by DLS, D ₃₂ surface-weighted mean diameter by laser diffraction, PdI polydispersity index, ζ zeta potential, σ specific conductance

ISSN: 1743-8977