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Table 1 Characteristics of the NiO particles used in the study

From: Kinetics and dissolution of intratracheally administered nickel oxide nanomaterials in rats

 

Name (Manufacturer)

Crystalline

Shape

Primary particle sizea

[nm]

Specific surface areab

[m2/g]

Converted spherical primary particle size based on the specific surface area

[nm]

Number-based agglomerate particle sizec (DLS measurement)

[nm]

SEM/TEM picture

A

US3352 (US Research Nanomaterials, Inc., TX, USA)

NaCl type

Spherical

20 ± 8

51

18

49

B

NovaWireNiO1 (Novarials Co., MA, USA)

NaCl type

Wire

Length 240

Diameter 29

180

5.0

Impossible determinatione

C

I small particle (Kusaka Rare Metal Products Co., LTD., Tokyo, Japan)

NaCl type

Irregular

140 ± 67

6.6

140

1600

D

Ni(II) Oxide Nanopowder (Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC., MO, USA)

NaCl type

Spherical

Impossible observationd

93

9.6

39

  1. aDetermined by SEM (scanning electron microscopy, S4800, Hitachi High-Technologies Co., Tokyo, Japan) or TEM (transmission electron microscopy, JEM-2010, JEOL, Tokyo, Japan) of 500 particles for each material
  2. bDetermined by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis (GEMINI VII, Shimadzu Co., Kyoto, Japan) after drying
  3. cDetermined by dynamic light scattering (DLS) (Zetasizer nano-ZS; Malvern Instruments Ltd., Worcestershire, UK)
  4. d The small NiO D particle size, caused the particles to aggregate when the suspension was dried. Consequently, particle dimensions were difficult to ascertain even with suspension dilution and spraying
  5. e Reproducibiliy of dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurement for NiO B was not feasible