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Fig. 9 | Particle and Fibre Toxicology

Fig. 9

From: Maternal engineered nanomaterial inhalation during gestation alters the fetal transcriptome

Fig. 9

Validation of sequencing and model overview. a The mRNA of Fgfr1, Il-18, and Tgfbr2 were assessed in the sham (green, Sham-Control) and maternal nano-TiO2 (red, Nano-TiO2 Exposed) exposed progeny, reference to the RNA sequencing observed change (grey, Sequence). Expression was normalized to the β-Actin reporter gene. b Tgfbr2 was further characterized through ChIP-qPCR of H3K4me3 to measure the binding affinity of the modified histone at the Tgfbr2 promoter loci in the Sham-Control (green) and maternal nano-TiO2 (red) exposed progeny. Values were normalized to each sample’s input control. Tick marks represent the chromosomal location of each qPCR measurement, ranging from 124,318,034 to 124,319,434 on chromosome 8. c Schematic overview of the experimental model for nano-TiO2 maternal exposure and examination of the fetal progeny. As an example, the changes in Tgfbr2 are used to illustrate how epigenetic alterations through modification of chromatin can lead to increased expression of the mRNA transcript. Finally, the results of the study suggest that the gestational exposure paradigm impacts the heart, through increased function, while the liver and kidney have a detriment in function. Values are expressed as means ± SE. * = P ≤ 0.05. Fgfr1 = Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 1, Il-18 = Interleukin-18, Tgfbr2 = Transforming Growth Factor Beta Receptor 2, H3K4me3 = histone 3 lysine 4 tri-methylation, ChIP = Chromatin Immunoprecipitation

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