Table 2 Ranking of TiO 2 NPs based on induction of CD83 and CD86 expression, and IL-12p40 production. 1, strongest induction; 14, weakest induction. The ranks for the three parameters were summed and the TiO 2 NPs were ranked accordingly
crystal form | primary size (nm) | coating | manufacturer | CD83 | CD86 | IL-12p40 | score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
anat./rut. | 10–30 | none | Skyspring | 1 | 1 | 3 | 5 |
anatase | 20 | none | JRC | 3 | 2 | 1 | 6 |
anatase | 10–25 | none | Io-Li-Tec | 4 | 5 | 2 | 11 |
anatase | 20 | none | Io-Li-Tec | 5 | 4 | 4 | 13 |
anatase | 10–25 | none | Skyspring | 2 | 6 | 5 | 13 |
rutile | 20–40 | SiO2 | Skyspring | 6 | 3 | 9 | 18 |
rutile | 20–40 | Al2O3 | Skyspring | 8 | 7 | 6 | 21 |
rutile | 10–30 | none | Skyspring | 7 | 8 | 8 | 23 |
rutile | 200 | none | Io-Li-Tec | 9 | 9 | 7 | 25 |
rutile | 20 | hydrophobic | JRC | 12 | 11 | 10 | 33 |
rutile | 10–30 | none | Io-Li-Tec | 14 | 10 | 11 | 35 |
rutile | 20–40 | SiO2 | Io-Li-Tec | 10 | 13 | 13 | 36 |
rutile | 20 | hydrophilic | JRC | 11 | 12 | 14 | 37 |
rutile | 20–40 | silicon oil | Io-Li-Tec | 13 | 14 | 12 | 39 |