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Fig. 2 | Particle and Fibre Toxicology

Fig. 2

From: Carbon black suppresses the osteogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells: the role of mitochondria

Fig. 2

Characterization of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) isolated from rat bone marrow. a Flow cytometry was used to quantify the cell surface markers of rat MSCs. b Alizarin Red S staining was used to show the mineralization nodules after osteogenic induction for 21 d. MSCs were cultured and induced by osteogenic induction media for 21 d. Cells were fixed by 10% formaldehyde and stained with Alizarin Red S and imaged were collected in × 10 magnification with a light microscope. Bar = 100 μm. c Oil red O staining showed the lipid droplets after adipogenic induction for 14 d. MSCs were fixed by 4% paraformaldehyde solution and stained with Oil red O and images were collected in × 10 magnification with the light microscope. Bar = 100 μm. d RT-PCR demonstrated the up-regulation of osteoblast marker genes, Alp, Runx2 and Bglap, after osteo-induction for different days. MSCs were cultured and induced by osteogenic induction media for indicated days. Then mRNA was collected by TRIzol and reverse transcribed by a reverse transcription kit, and PCR was performed with a SYBR green kit (see methods). Experiments were repeated three times independently

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