Skip to main content

Table 3 Dose intervals (in μg/cm2) determined for each NM and each methodology

From: Predicting the in vivo pulmonary toxicity induced by acute exposure to poorly soluble nanomaterials by using advanced in vitro methods

 

Cytokines

NM105

NM101

NM100

NM212

Dose interval

Dose interval

Dose interval

Dose interval

BMDL

BMDU

Median

BMDL

BMDU

Median

BMDL

BMDU

Median

BMDL

BMDU

Median

In vitro, suspension (24 h)

IL-1β

0.10

11.90

4.63–11.20

0.53

2.85

2.82–6.36

10.68

32.59

10.96–26.19

0.06

10.26

0.430–14.168

IL-6

4.50

11.11

4.86

10.47

ND

ND

ND

ND

IL-8

ND

ND

ND

ND

ND

ND

ND

ND

TNF-α

4.76

11.20

2.82

6.36

11.25

19.80

0.80

18.08

In vitro, suspension (3 h + 21 h)

IL-1β

0.43

2.25

0.26–1.51

0.60

6.61

0.80–6.19

3.47

53.23

3.47–55.64

3.47

54.81

3.37–52.50

IL-6

0.20

1.36

1.28

8.17

ND

ND

2.30

50.25

IL-8

0.11

1.11

0.84

3.73

3.35

58.05

3.42

9.64

TNF-α

0.31

1.66

0.76

5.78

3.83

52.87

3.31

54.75

ALI (3 h + 21 h)

IL-1β

0.051

0.80

0.061–0.82

0.061

0.74

0.099–0.80

0.006

0.91

0.045–0.90

0.63

2.61

0.88–2.71

IL-6

0.037

0.81

0.089

0.77

0.012

0.88

0.88

2.71

IL-8

0.078

0.83

1.13

11.87

0.078

0.90

ND

ND

TNF-α

0.070

0.82

0.11

0.84

0.24

0.97

ND

ND

In vivo

IL-1β

0.0011

0.067

0.0007–0.075

ND

ND

0.0022–0.084

ND

ND

ND

ND

ND

0.0000–0.074

IL-6

0.00069

0.13

0.0044

0.086

ND

ND

0.000

0.019

IL-8

0.00019

0.084

ND

ND

ND

ND

0.0033

0.082

TNF-α

0.00075

0.0091

0.000

0.082

ND

ND

0.000

0.074

  1. BMDL Benchmark Dose Lower confidence limit, BMDU Benchmark Dose Upper confidence limit. Median: Median BMDL and BMDU values calculated by pooling the four cytokines, to have a dose-interval for a general pro-inflammatory response