Fig. 4From: Subchronic exposure to titanium dioxide nanoparticles modifies cardiac structure and performance in spontaneously hypertensive ratsCardiac refractoriness, excitability, anisotropic conduction velocities and arrhythmia induction. Electrophysiological parameters and the index of arrhythmia inducibility in CTRL (triangles) and TiO2-NPs treated (squares) animals. a Effective refractory period (ERP, ms). b Rheobase (μA). c Chronaxie (ms). d Threshold intensity for a 1 ms duration impulse (μA). e ventricular conduction velocities along fiber (CVl, m/s). f ventricular conduction velocities across fiber (CVt, m/s). g ventricular conduction velocities ratio (CVl/CVt). Kruskal-Wallis (post hoc analyses: Dunn’s multiple comparison) was performed and statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. ● vs CTRL; * vs corresponding 1° week; # vs corresponding 3° week; § vs corresponding 6° week. Data are represented as median and interquartile range (IQR)Back to article page