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Fig. 4 | Particle and Fibre Toxicology

Fig. 4

From: Subchronic exposure to titanium dioxide nanoparticles modifies cardiac structure and performance in spontaneously hypertensive rats

Fig. 4

Cardiac refractoriness, excitability, anisotropic conduction velocities and arrhythmia induction. Electrophysiological parameters and the index of arrhythmia inducibility in CTRL (triangles) and TiO2-NPs treated (squares) animals. a Effective refractory period (ERP, ms). b Rheobase (μA). c Chronaxie (ms). d Threshold intensity for a 1 ms duration impulse (μA). e ventricular conduction velocities along fiber (CVl, m/s). f ventricular conduction velocities across fiber (CVt, m/s). g ventricular conduction velocities ratio (CVl/CVt). Kruskal-Wallis (post hoc analyses: Dunn’s multiple comparison) was performed and statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. vs CTRL; * vs corresponding 1° week; # vs corresponding 3° week; § vs corresponding 6° week. Data are represented as median and interquartile range (IQR)

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