Table 6 Caesarean section results of TiO2 nanoparticles exposed pregnant females during the pregnancy
From: Titanium dioxide nanoparticles oral exposure to pregnant rats and its distribution
| TiO2 nanoparticles (mg/kg) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 100 | 300 | 1000 | |
| Pregnant Females (N) | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 |
| Corpora lutea (N) | 14.1 ± 1.83a | 14.6 ± 1.98 | 13.9 ± 1.31 | 14.1 ± 1.56 |
| Implantation (N) | 12.8 ± 3.81 | 14.4 ± 2.19 | 13.6 ± 1.38 | 13.2 ± 2.55 |
| Early resorptions (N) | 0.4 ± 0.67 | 0.2 ± 0.58 | 0.4 ± 0.67 | 0.4 ± 0.67 |
| Late resorptions (N) | 0.0 ± 0.00 | 0.2 ± 0.39 | 0.0 ± 0.00 | 0.0 ± 0.00 |
| Dead fetuses (N) | 0.0 ± 0.00 | 0.0 ± 0.00 | 0.0 ± 0.00 | 0.0 ± 0.00 |
| Fetal death (resorptions + dead fetuses) | 0.4 ± 0.67 | 0.3 ± 0.65 | 0.4 ± 0.67 | 0.4 ± 0.67 |
| Live fetuses (N) | 12.4 ± 3.55 | 14.1 ± 2.54 | 13.2 ± 1.34 | 12.8 ± 2.45 |
| Sex ratio (%, male) | 48.1 ± 18.87 | 63.0 ± 14.98 | 45.2 ± 7.01 | 53.7 ± 13.75 |
| Pre-implantation loss (%)b | 10.0 ± 22.13 | 1.4 ± 3.19 | 2.4 ± 3.57 | 7.0 ± 12.07 |
| Post-implantation loss (%)c | 2.7 ± 4.31 | 2.7 ± 5.98 | 3.0 ± 4.65 | 3.0 ± 5.18 |
| Fetal weight (g) | 4.24 ± 0.25 | 4.38 ± 0.30 | 4.23 ± 0.25 | 4.21 ± 0.25 |
| Covariate adjusted means | 4.22 | 4.40 | 4.23 | 4.20 |
| Placental weight (g) | 0.50 ± 0.06 | 0.49 ± 0.05 | 0.54 ± 0.14 | 0.49 ± 0.05 |
| Covariate adjusted means | 0.49 | 0.49 | 0.54 | 0.49 |
| Placental macroscopic observation | NAD | NAD | NAD | NAD |